Die Schnittstelle SessionHandlerInterface

(PHP 5 >= 5.4.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

Einführung

SessionHandlerInterface ist eine Schnittstelle, die den minimalen Prototyp für die Erstellung einer benutzerdefinierten Sessionverwaltung definiert. Um eine benutzerdefinierte Sessionverwaltung an session_set_save_handler() zu übergeben, die ihren OOP-Aufruf verwendet, kann die Klasse diese Schnittstelle implementieren.

Es ist zu beachten, dass die Callback-Methoden dieser Klasse dazu gedacht sind, intern von PHP aufgerufen zu werden und nicht aus dem Anwenderprogramm aufgerufen werden sollen.

Interface-Übersicht

interface SessionHandlerInterface {

/* Methoden */

public close(): bool

public destroy(string $id): bool

public gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false

public open(string $path, string $name): bool

public read(string $id): string|false

public write(string $id, string $data): bool

}

Beispiel #1 Ein Beispiel mit SessionHandlerInterface

Das folgende Beispiel bietet eine dateibasierte Session-Speicherung ähnlich dem standardmäßigen PHP-Session-Speicherverwalter (PHP Session Standard Save Handler) files. Dieses Beispiel kann leicht erweitert werden, um die Speicherung in einer Datenbank mit der bevorzugten von PHP unterstützten Datenbank-Engine zu ermöglichen.

Zu beachten ist, dass wir den OOP-Prototyp zusammen mit session_set_save_handler() verwenden und die Shutdown-Funktion mit dem Parameter flag der Funktion registrieren. Dies wird im Allgemeinen empfohlen, wenn Objekte als Session-Speicherverwalter registriert werden.

Achtung

Der Kürze halber wird in diesem Beispiel auf eine Überprüfung der Eingaben verzichtet. Allerdings handelt es sich bei den $id-Parametern um vom Benutzer gelieferte Werte, die unbedingt überprüft und bereinigt werden müssen, um Schwachstellen, z. B. Path-Traversal-Probleme, zu vermeiden. Dieses Beispiel sollte daher nicht unverändert in Produktivumgebungen verwendet werden.

<?php
class MySessionHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface
{
    private $savePath;

    public function open($savePath, $sessionName): bool
    {
        $this->savePath = $savePath;
        if (!is_dir($this->savePath)) {
            mkdir($this->savePath, 0777);
        }

        return true;
    }

    public function close(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function read($id)
    {
        return (string)@file_get_contents("$this->savePath/sess_$id");
    }

    public function write($id, $data): bool
    {
        return file_put_contents("$this->savePath/sess_$id", $data) === false ? false : true;
    }

    public function destroy($id): bool
    {
        $file = "$this->savePath/sess_$id";
        if (file_exists($file)) {
            unlink($file);
        }

        return true;
    }

    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function gc($maxlifetime)
    {
        foreach (glob("$this->savePath/sess_*") as $file) {
            if (filemtime($file) + $maxlifetime < time() && file_exists($file)) {
                unlink($file);
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
}

$handler = new MySessionHandler();
session_set_save_handler($handler, true);
session_start();

// Fortfahren mit dem Setzen und Abrufen von Werten anhand der
// Schlüssel von $_SESSION

Inhaltsverzeichnis

SessionHandlerInterface::close — Schließt eine Session
SessionHandlerInterface::destroy — Löscht eine Session
SessionHandlerInterface::gc — Löscht alte Sessions
SessionHandlerInterface::open — Initialisiert eine Session
SessionHandlerInterface::read — Ruft die Session-Daten ab
SessionHandlerInterface::write — Speichert die Session-Daten

add a note

User Contributed Notes 8 notes

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

6 years ago


As of PHP 7.0, you can implement SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface to 
define your own session id validating method like validate_sid and the timestamp updating method like update_timestamp in the non-OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler().

SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface is a new interface introduced in PHP 7.0, which has not been documented yet. It has two abstract methods: SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface :: validateId($sessionId) and SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface :: updateTimestamp($sessionId, $sessionData).

<?php
    /*
       @author Wu Xiancheng
       Code structure for PHP 7.0+ only because SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface is introduced in PHP 7.0
       With this class you can validate php session id and update the timestamp of php session data
       with the OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler() in PHP 7.0+
    */
    class PHPSessionXHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface, SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface {
        public function close(){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function destroy($sessionId){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ... 
        }
        public function gc($maximumLifetime){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function open($sessionSavePath, $sessionName){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function read($sessionId){
            // return value should be the session data or an empty string
            // ...
        }
        public function write($sessionId, $sessionData){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function create_sid(){
            // available since PHP 5.5.1
            // invoked internally when a new session id is needed
            // no parameter is needed and return value should be the new session id created
            // ...
        }
        public function validateId($sessionId){
            // implements SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface::validateId()
            // available since PHP 7.0
            // return value should be true if the session id is valid otherwise false
            // if false is returned a new session id will be generated by php internally
            // ...
        }
        public function updateTimestamp($sessionId, $sessionData){
            // implements SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface::validateId()
            // available since PHP 7.0
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
    }
?>

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

6 years ago


The non-OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler() supports validate_sid and update_timestamp as of PHP 7.0 while the OOP prototype doesn't even in PHP 7.2. However the OOP prototype does support create_sid since PHP 5.5.1.

validate_sid($sessionId)
  This callback is to validate $sessionId. Its return value should be true for valid session id $sessionId or false for invalid session id $sessionId. If false is returned, a new session id is generated to replace the invalid session id $sessionId.

update_timestamp($sessionId)
  This call back is to update timestamp, and its return value should be true for success or false for failure.

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

6 years ago


As of PHP 5.5.1, another method create_sid() is supported. It will be called when session_regenerate_id() is invoked.

SessionHandlerInterface {
    /* Methods */
    abstract public bool close ( void )
    abstract public bool create_sid ( void )    
    abstract public bool destroy ( string $session_id )
    abstract public bool gc ( int $maxlifetime )
    abstract public bool open ( string $save_path , string $session_name )
    abstract public string read ( string $session_id )
    abstract public bool write ( string $session_id , string $session_data )
}

down

warxcell at gmail dot com ¶

12 years ago


You should prepend <b>\</b> before class name, to tell php its from root namespace.

down

avenidagez at foro5 dot com ¶

9 years ago


Note that session_start( ) calls open then read and the class returns true for open and the value of session or empty for read.
Well, then there is no catch for errors, this is, session_start() must return false on failure, but that is not the case for the class implementation on method open, no matter if you return true or false or whatever from open, it is ignored by session_start() function and proceeds to read method
A bug?, if open returns false, session_start() should stop the next step (read) and return itself false

if(session_start()) ...code
else exit( );

So forget about session_start() return value, you need to implement an error catch routine and exit() in case of failure on open method

down

tony at marston-home dot demon dot co dot uk ¶

6 years ago


Your custom session handler should not contain calls to any of the session functions, such as session_name() or session_id(), as the relevant values are passed as arguments on various handler methods. Attempting to obtain values from alternative sources may not work as expected.

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

4 years ago


If you want to use type declarations in your own session handling class, don't "implements" the SessionHandlerInterface, SessionIdInterface, or SessinUpdateTimestampInterface, otherwise you will get a fatal error saying that declaration of the class method must be compatible with the interface method.

a bad example
<?php
    class SessionWuXianchengHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface {        
        public function open(string $sessionPath, string $sessionName) : bool {
        }
        ......
    }
?>

a good example
<?php
    class SessionWuXianchengHandler {
        public function open(string $sessionPath, string $sessionName) : bool {
        }
        ......
    }
?>

down

-3

StanE ¶

9 years ago


I think there is a small "error" in the example of the class MySessionHandler in method gc(). It uses the function filemtime() whose return value is cached by PHP. Add the following line inside the foreach block in the gc() method:

clearstatcache(true, $file);

add a note