Edit Report a Bug

    end

    (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    end — Positioniert den internen Zeiger eines Arrays auf dessen letztes Element

    Beschreibung

    end(array|object &$array): mixed

    end() rückt den internen Zeiger von array bis zum letzten Element vor und gibt dessen Wert zurück.

    Parameter-Liste

    array

    Das Array. Das Array wird per Referenz übergeben, weil es von der Funktion bearbeitet wird. Das bedeutet, dass der Funktion eine echte Variable übergeben werden muss und nicht beispielsweise der Rückgabewert einer Funktion.

    Rückgabewerte

    Gibt den Wert des letzten Arrayelements zurück oder false bei einem leeren Array.

    Changelog

    Version Beschreibung
    8.1.0 Bei Objekten ist die Verwendung dieser Funktion veraltet. Stattdessen sollte entweder das Objekt vorher mit get_mangled_object_vars() in ein Array umgewandelt werden oder es sollten die Methoden einer Klasse verwendet werden, die Iterator implementiert, z. B. ArrayIterator.
    7.4.0 Instanzen von SPL-Klassen werden nun wie leere Objekte behandelt, die keine Eigenschaften haben, anstatt die Iterator-Methode aufzurufen, die den gleichen Namen wie diese Funktion hat.

    Beispiele

    Beispiel #1 end()-Beispiel

    <?php

    $fruits     = array('apple', 'banana', 'cranberry');
    echo     end($fruits); // cranberry

    ?>

    Siehe auch

    • current() - Liefert das aktuelle Element eines Arrays
    • each() - Liefert das aktuelle Schlüssel-Wert-Paar eines Arrays und rückt den Arrayzeiger vor
    • prev() - Setzt den internen Arrayzeiger um ein Element zurück
    • reset() - Setzt den internen Zeiger eines Arrays auf sein erstes Element
    • next() - Rückt den internen Arrayzeiger vor
    • array_key_last() - Ermittelt den letzten Schlüssel eines Arrays

    add a note add a note

    User Contributed Notes 15 notes

    up
    125
    franz at develophp dot org
    13 years ago
    It's interesting to note that when creating an array with numeric keys in no particular order, end() will still only return the value that was the last one to be created. So, if you have something like this:

        <?php
        $a     = array();
            $a[1] = 1;
            $a[0] = 0;
        echo     end($a);
            ?>

    This will print "0".
    up
    34
    jasper at jtey dot com
    18 years ago
    This function returns the value at the end of the array, but you may sometimes be interested in the key at the end of the array, particularly when working with non integer indexed arrays:

    <?php
    // Returns the key at the end of the array
    function endKey($array){
    end($array);
    return     key($array);
    }
    ?>

    Usage example:
    <?php
    $a     = array("one" => "apple", "two" => "orange", "three" => "pear");
    echo     endKey($a); // will output "three"
    ?>
    up
    24
    jorge at REMOVETHIS-2upmedia dot com
    12 years ago
    If all you want is the last item of the array without affecting the internal array pointer just do the following:

    <?php

    function endc( $array ) { return end( $array ); }

    $items = array( 'one', 'two', 'three' );
    $lastItem = endc( $items ); // three
    $current = current( $items ); // one
    ?>

    This works because the parameter to the function is being sent as a copy, not as a reference to the original variable.
    up
    29
    Anonymous
    22 years ago
    If you need to get a reference on the first or last element of an array, use these functions because reset() and end() only return you a copy that you cannot dereference directly:

    <?php
    function first(&$array) {
    if (!    is_array($array)) return &$array;
    if (!    count($array)) return null;
    reset($array);
    return &    $array[key($array)];
    }

    function     last(&$array) {
    if (!    is_array($array)) return &$array;
    if (!    count($array)) return null;
    end($array);
    return &    $array[key($array)];
    }
    ?>
    up
    10
    ivijan dot stefan at gmail dot com
    10 years ago
    I found that the function end() is the best for finding extensions  on file name. This function cleans backslashes and takes the extension of a file.

    <?php
    private function extension($str){
            $str=implode("",explode("\\",$str));
            $str=explode(".",$str);
            $str=strtolower(end($str));
         return     $str;
    }

    // EXAMPLE:
    $file='name-Of_soMe.File.txt';
    echo     extension($file); // txt
    ?>

    Very simple.
    up
    1
    ken at expitrans dot com
    19 years ago
    Please note that from version 5.0.4 ==> 5.0.5 that this function now takes an array. This will possibly break some code for instance:

    <?php

    echo ">> ".end(array_keys(array('x' => 'y')))."\n";

    ?>

    which will return "Fatal error: Only variables can be passed by reference" in version <= 5.0.4 but not in 5.0.5.

    If you run into this problem with nested function calls, then an easy workaround is to assign the result from array_keys (or whatever function) to an intermediary variable:

    <?php

    $x     = array_keys(array('x' => 'y'));
    echo     ">> ".end($x)."\n";

    ?>
    up
    -2
    Jason
    11 years ago
    $filename = 'somefile.jpg';

    php v5.4 does not support the following statement.
    echo end(explode(".", $filename)); // return jpg string

    instead you have to split into 2 statements
    $file = explode(".", $filename);
    echo end ($file);
    up
    -3
    laurence at crazypillstudios dot com
    14 years ago
    this is a function to move items in an array up or down in the array. it is done by breaking the array into two separate arrays and then have a loop creates the final array adding the item we want to move when the counter is equal to the new position we established the array key, position and direction were passed via a query string

    <?php
    //parameters
    //$array- the array you are modifying
    //$keytomove - the key of the item you wish to move
    //$pos - the current position of the item: used a count($array) function
    //and then loop with incrementing integer to add the position to the up //or down button
    //$dir - the direction you want to move it - "up"/"dn"

    function change_pos($array, $keytomove, $pos, $dir){
            //count the original number of rows
            $count = count($array);
            //set the integer we will use to place the moved item
            if($dir=="up"){
            if(    $pos==1){
                    //if the item is already first and we try moving it up
                //we send it to the end of the array
                    $change = $count;
            }else{
                    //anywhere else it just moves back one closer to the start of the array
                    $change = $pos-1;
            }
        }
            //do the same for the down button
            if($dir=="dn"){
            if(    $pos==$count){
                    $change = 1;
            }else{
                    $change = $pos+1;
            }
        }       
            //copy the element that you wish to move
            $move = $array[$keytomove];   
            //delete the original from the main array
            unset($array[$keytomove]);   
            //create an array of the names of the values we
        //are not moving
            $preint = 1;
        foreach(    $array as $c){       
                $notmoved["{$preint}"] = $c['name'];       
            $preint++;
        }   
            //loop through all the elements
            $int = 1;
        while(    $int<=$count){   
                //dynamically change the key of the unmoved item as we increment the counter
                $notmovedkey = $notmoved["$int"];
                //when the counter is equal to the position we want
            //to place the moved entry we pump it into a new array
                if($int==$change){
                    $neworder["{$keytomove}"] = $move;
            }
                //add all the other array items if the position number is not met and
            //resume adding them once the moved item is written
                if($contkey!=""){
                    $neworder["{$notmovedkey}"] = $array["{$notmovedkey}"];           
            }
            $int++;
        }
       
        return(    $neworder);
    }
    ?>

    This is not too elegant but it works.
    up
    -4
    Aleksandr
    6 years ago
    <?php
    $A    =[1];
    print_r($A);
    end($A[5]);
    print_r($A);
    ?>

    Array
    (
        [0] => 1
    )
    Array
    (
        [0] => 1
        [5] =>
    )
    up
    -4
    Jacob
    7 years ago
    Attempting to get the value of a key from an empty array through end() will result in NULL instead of throwing an error or warning becuse end() on an empty array results in false:

    <?php

    $a     = ['a' => ['hello' => 'a1','world' => 'a2'],
              'b' => ['hello' => 'b1','world' => 'b2'],
              'c' => ['hello' => 'c1','world' => 'c2']
        ];
    $b = [];

    var_dump(end($a)['hello']);
    var_dump(end($b)['hello']);
    var_dump(false['hello']);

    ?>

    Results in:

    string(2) "c1"
    NULL
    NULL
    up
    -6
    Sam Yong - hellclanner at live dot com
    15 years ago
    Take note that end() does not recursively set your multiple dimension arrays' pointer to the end.

    Take a look at the following:
    <?php

    // create the array for testing
    $a = array();
    $i = 0;
    while(    $i++ < 3){
    $a[] = array(dechex(crc32(mt_rand())),dechex(crc32('lol'.mt_rand())));
    }

    // show the array tree
    echo '<pre>';var_dump($a);

    // set the pointer of $a to the end
    end($a);

    // get the current element of $a
    var_dump(current($a));
    // get the current element of the current element of $a
    var_dump(current(current($a)));

    ?>

    You will notice that you probably get something like this:

    array(3) {
      [0]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(8) "764d8d20"
        [1]=>
        string(8) "85ee186d"
      }
      [1]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(8) "c8c72466"
        [1]=>
        string(8) "a0fdccb2"
      }
      [2]=>
      array(2) {
        [0]=>
        string(8) "3463a31b"
        [1]=>
        string(8) "589f6b63"
      }
    }

    array(2) {
      [0]=>
      string(8) "3463a31b"
      [1]=>
      string(8) "589f6b63"
    }

    string(8) "3463a31b"

    The array elements' pointer are still at the first one as current. So do take note.
    up
    -4
    Anonymous
    22 years ago
    When adding an element to an array, it may be interesting to know with which key it was added. Just adding an element does not change the current position in the array, so calling key() won't return the correct key value; you must first position at end() of the array:

    <?php
    function array_add(&$array, $value) {
    $array[] = $value; // add an element
    end($array); // important!
    return key($array);
    }
    ?>
    up
    -7
    Omolewa stephen
    8 years ago
    I found using pathinfo very useful in getting extension of  a file.
    <? Php
      $filename     = dictionary.txt;
           $ext = strtolower(pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION)) ;

    echo     $ext; // txt
    ?>
    up
    -11
    aaaaa976 at gmail dot com
    5 years ago
    To get the first element:

        // Get first item.
        foreach ($array as $item) {
            $first = $item;
            break;
        }
        // $first will have the first element.
    up
    -24
    goran
    8 years ago
    In case you need add separator at end

    $numbers = array('1','2','3','4');
            foreach ($numbers as $number){
                echo $number;
                if (end($numbers) != $number){
                    echo ', ';
                }
            }
    add a note add a note
    To Top