Here is a function that compares two HEX colors for similarity. This can be useful if you want to detect colors that are not different enough to see for the naked eye. It returns a bool: TRUE if the colors are similar to each other (within tolerance) or FALSE if they are different enough.
I tested a few colors and came up with a tolerance of 35 (rgb value - should be between 0 and 255) but you can change that tolerance by passing a third parameter to the function.
<?php
function compareColors ($col1, $col2, $tolerance=35) {
$col1Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col1, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col1, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col1, 4, 2))
);
$col2Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col2, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col2, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col2, 4, 2))
);
return ($col1Rgb['r'] >= $col2Rgb['r'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['r'] <= $col2Rgb['r'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['g'] >= $col2Rgb['g'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['g'] <= $col2Rgb['g'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['b'] >= $col2Rgb['b'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['b'] <= $col2Rgb['b'] + $tolerance);
}
?>
imagecolorclosest
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
imagecolorclosest — Ermittelt den Index der Farbe, die der angegebenen Farbe am nächsten kommt
Beschreibung
Gibt den Index der Farbwert-Palette des Bildes zurück, der dem angegebenen RGB-Wert am nächsten kommt.
Die "Entfernung" zwischen der angeforderten Farbe und jedem Farb-Paletten-Wert wird berechnet, als ob die angegebenen RGB-Werte Punkte in einem dreidimensionalen Raum darstellen würden.
Wenn das Bild aus einer Datei erzeugt wurde, so werden nur die Farben aufgelöst, die im Bild verwendet werden. Farben, die nur in der Farbpalette enthalten sind, werden nicht aufgelöst.
Parameter-Liste
-
image -
Ein GdImage-Objekt, das von einer der Funktionen zur Bilderzeugung, z. B. imagecreatetruecolor(), zurückgegeben wurde.
-
red -
Wert der Rotkomponente.
-
green -
Wert der Grünkomponente.
-
blue -
Wert der Blaukomponente.
Rückgabewerte
Gibt den Index der Farbe in der Palette des Bildes zurück, die am nächsten an der angegebenen liegt.
Changelog
| Version | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 |
image erwartet nun eine
GdImage-Instanz; vorher wurde eine gültige
gd-Ressource erwartet.
|
Beispiele
Beispiel #1 Suche nach einem Satz von Farben in einem Bild
<?php
// Konvertiere zunächst ein Bild in ein palettenbasiertes Bild
$im = imagecreatefrompng('figures/imagecolorclosest.png');
imagetruecolortopalette($im, false, 255);
// Gesuchte Farben (RGB)
$colors = array(
array(254, 145, 154),
array(153, 145, 188),
array(153, 90, 145),
array(255, 137, 92)
);
// Durchlaufe die gesuchten Farben und finde die nächstgelegene Farbe in der Palette.
// Gib die Suchnummer, die gesuchten und die gefundenen RGB-Farben zurück.
foreach($colors as $id => $rgb)
{
$result = imagecolorclosest($im, $rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]);
$result = imagecolorsforindex($im, $result);
$result = "({$result['red']}, {$result['green']}, {$result['blue']})";
echo "#$id: Gesuchte Farbe ($rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]); Nächstgelegene Farbe: $result.\n";
}
imagedestroy($im);
?>Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt eine ähnliche Ausgabe wie:
#0: Gesuchte Farbe (254, 145, 154); Nächstgelegene Farbe: (252, 150, 148). #1: Gesuchte Farbe (153, 145, 188); Nächstgelegene Farbe: (148, 150, 196). #2: Gesuchte Farbe (153, 90, 145); Nächstgelegene Farbe: (148, 90, 156). #3: Gesuchte Farbe (255, 137, 92); Nächstgelegene Farbe: (252, 150, 92).
Siehe auch
- imagecolorexact() - Ermittelt den Index-Wert der angegebenen Farbe
- imagecolorclosestalpha() - Get the index of the closest color to the specified color + alpha
- imagecolorclosesthwb() - Get the index of the color which has the hue, white and blackness
add a note
User Contributed Notes 4 notes
info at codeworx dot ch ¶
13 years ago
Hayley Watson ¶
7 years ago
RGB space isn't the best choice for measuring the distance between two colours, since it ignores, for example, the fact that we count both dark green and light green as "green" (the RGB distance between #000000 and #7f7f7f is the same as the distance between #000000 and #5443c0 - a slightly darkened SlateBlue).
A better choice of colour space that conforms better to how colours are perceived is the so-called Lab space, which measures colours according to how light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue they are. (There are still better models, but they come at the expense of increased computation.)
<?php
function warp1($c)
{
if($c > 10.3148)
{
return pow((561 + 40*$c)/10761, 2.4);
}
else
{
return $c / 3294.6;
}
}
function warp2($c)
{
if($c > 0.008856)
{
return pow($c, 1/3);
}
else
{
return 7.787 * $c + 4/29;
}
}
function rgb2lab($rgb)
{
[$red, $green, $blue] = array_map('warp1', $rgb);
$x = warp2($red * 0.4339 + $green * 0.3762 + $blue * 0.1899);
$y = warp2($red * 0.2126 + $green * 0.7152 + $blue * 0.0722);
$z = warp2($red * 0.0178 + $green * 0.1098 + $blue * 0.8730);
$l = 116*$y - 16;
$a = 500 * ($x - $y);
$b = 200 * ($y - $z);
return array_map('intval', [$l, $a, $b]);
}
function generate_palette_from_image($image)
{
$pal = [];
$width = imagesx($image);
$height = imagesy($image);
for($x = 0; $x < $width; ++$x)
{
for($y = 0; $y < $height; ++$y)
{
$pal[] = imagecolorat($image, $x, $y);
}
}
return array_map(function($col)use($image)
{
$rgba = imagecolorsforindex($image, $col);
return [$rgba['red'], $rgba['green'], $rgba['blue']];
}, array_unique($pal));
}
function closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)
{
// Quick return when the exact
// colour is in the palette.
if(($idx = array_search($rgb, $palette)) !== false)
{
return $idx;
}
[$tl, $ta, $tb] = rgb2lab($rgb);
$dists = array_map(function($plab)use($tl, $ta, $tb)
{
[$pl, $pa, $pb] = $plab;
$dl = $pl - $tl;
$da = $pa - $ta;
$db = $pa - $tb;
return $dl * $dl + $da * $da + $db * $db;
}, array_map('rgb2lab', $palette));
return array_search(min($dists), $dists);
}
function closest_rgb_in_image($rgb, $image)
{
$palette = generate_palette_from_image($image);
return $palette[closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)];
}
$lena = imagecreatefrompng('lena.png');
$red = closest_rgb_in_image([255,0,0],$lena);
echo join(' ', $red); // 228 71 82
?>
If you're going to be matching a lot of colours to a palette, you may want to precompute and reuse the Lab palette, instead of generating it fresh each time as done here.
MagicalTux at FF dot st ¶
19 years ago
A way to get each time an answer :
<?php
function imagegetcolor($im, $r, $g, $b) {
$c=imagecolorexact($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
$c=imagecolorallocate($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
return imagecolorclosest($im, $r, $g, $b);
}
?>
If the *exact* color is found in the image, it will be returned. If we don't have the exact color, we try to allocate it. If we can't allocate it, we return the closest color in the image.
Vikrant Korde <vakorde at hotmail dot com> ¶
21 years ago
This functuion is useful when you are dealing with previously present images like .png, .jpg, etc. You can use this function for writing a text on the image.
For me the function imagecolorallocate() was returning the -1 value. after lot of RnD and site search i found a function use of imagecolorclosest(). This solved my problem of writing the text on the image with customised color.
Actually previously it was writing on the image but the color was not distinct. It was using the same color as of that background image.
The following code segment was fine with me.
header ("Content-type: image/jpeg");
$im = imagecreatefromjpeg("BlankButton.jpg");
$white = imageColorClosest($im, 255,255,255);
// this is for TTF fonts
imagettftext ($im, 20, 0, 16, 30, $white, "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/luximb.ttf", "Vikrant");
//this is for notmal font
imagestring($im, 4, 0,0,"Korde", $white);
imagejpeg($im,"",150);
imagedestroy ($im);
