This a simple multi process application where you can choose
the maximun process that can run at the same time.
This is useful when you need to limit the fork of process.
When the MAXPROCESS is reached the program wait on pcntl_wait()
<?php
DEFINE(MAXPROCESS,25);
for ($i=0;$i<100;$i++){
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1) {
die("could not fork");
} elseif ($pid) {
echo "I'm the Parent $i\n";
$execute++;
if ($execute>=MAXPROCESS){
pcntl_wait($status);
$execute--;
}
} else {
echo "I am the child, $i pid = $pid \n";
sleep(rand(1,3));
echo "Bye Bye from $i\n";
exit;
}
}
?>
pcntl_wait
(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
pcntl_wait — Wartet auf ein oder gibt den Status eines abgezweigten Kindes zurück
Beschreibung
Die Funktion wait unterbricht die Ausführung des aktuellen Prozesses bis ein Kind sich beendet hat, oder bis ein Signal ausgeliefert wurde, dessen Aktion den aktuellen Prozess beendet, oder eine Signalverabeitungsfunktion aufruft. Wenn ein Kind sich zum Zeitpunkt des Funktionsaufrufes bereits beendet hat (ein sog. "Zombie" Prozess), kehrt die Funktion umgehend zurück. Alle durch das Kind verwendeten Ressourcen werden freigegeben. Die waitpid(2) Handbuch-Seite des Systems ist bezüglich spezifischer Details, wie waitpid auf dem System arbeitet, zu konsultieren.
Hinweis:
Diese Funktion ist gleichwertig zum Aufruf der Funktion pcntl_waitpid() mit
-1alsprocess_idund keinerleiflags.
Parameter-Liste
-
status -
pcntl_wait() speichert Statusinformationen im Parameter
status, welcher durch die folgenden Funktionen ausgewertet werden kann: pcntl_wifexited(), pcntl_wifstopped(), pcntl_wifsignaled(), pcntl_wexitstatus(), pcntl_wtermsig() und pcntl_wstopsig(). -
flags -
Wenn wait3 auf Ihrem System verfügbar ist (meist BSD-artige Systeme) können Sie den optionalen
flagsParameter angeben. Wenn dieser Parameter nicht angegeben wurde, wird wait als Systemaufruf verwendet. Wenn wait3 nicht verfügbar ist, wird die Angabe eines Wertes fürflagskeinerlei Auswirkungen haben. Der Wert vonflagsist der Wert von keiner oder mehr der folgenden durchORverknüpften beiden Konstanten:Mögliche Werte für flagsWNOHANGKehre umgehend zurück, wenn kein Kind beendet wurde. WUNTRACEDKehre für Kinder zurück die gestoppt sind und für solche, deren Status nicht gemeldet ist.
Rückgabewerte
pcntl_wait() gibt die Prozess ID des beendeten Kindes zurück, -1 im Fehlerfall, oder 0, wenn WNOHANG als Option angegeben wurde (auf wait3 Systemen) und kein Kind verfügbar war.
Siehe auch
- pcntl_fork() - Verzweigt den laufenden Prozess
- pcntl_signal() - Richtet eine Signalverarbeitung ein
- pcntl_wifexited() - Prüft ob der Statuscode ein erfolgreiches Beenden darstellt
- pcntl_wifstopped() - Prüft ob der Kindprozess gerade gestoppt ist
- pcntl_wifsignaled() - Prüft ob der Statuscode eine Terminierung wegen eines Signals angibt
- pcntl_wexitstatus() - Lefert den Statuscode eines beendeten Kindes
- pcntl_wtermsig() - Gibt das Signal zurück, welches das Beenden des Kindes verursachte
- pcntl_wstopsig() - Gibt das Signal zurück, welches das Anhalten des Kindes verursachte
- pcntl_waitpid() - Wartet auf ein oder gibt den Status eines abgezweigten Kindes zurück
add a note
User Contributed Notes 7 notes
federico at nextware dot it ¶
18 years ago
duerra at yahoo dot com ¶
14 years ago
Using pcntl_fork() can be a little tricky in some situations. For fast jobs, a child can finish processing before the parent process has executed some code related to the launching of the process. The parent can receive a signal before it's ready to handle the child process' status. To handle this scenario, I add an id to a "queue" of processes in the signal handler that need to be cleaned up if the parent process is not yet ready to handle them.
<?php
declare(ticks=1);
//A very basic job daemon that you can extend to your needs.
class JobDaemon{
public $maxProcesses = 25;
protected $jobsStarted = 0;
protected $currentJobs = array();
protected $signalQueue=array();
protected $parentPID;
public function __construct(){
echo "constructed \n";
$this->parentPID = getmypid();
pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, array($this, "childSignalHandler"));
}
/**
* Run the Daemon
*/
public function run(){
echo "Running \n";
for($i=0; $i<10000; $i++){
$jobID = rand(0,10000000000000);
$launched = $this->launchJob($jobID);
}
//Wait for child processes to finish before exiting here
while(count($this->currentJobs)){
echo "Waiting for current jobs to finish... \n";
sleep(1);
}
}
/**
* Launch a job from the job queue
*/
protected function launchJob($jobID){
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if($pid == -1){
//Problem launching the job
error_log('Could not launch new job, exiting');
return false;
}
else if ($pid){
// Parent process
// Sometimes you can receive a signal to the childSignalHandler function before this code executes if
// the child script executes quickly enough!
//
$this->currentJobs[$pid] = $jobID;
// In the event that a signal for this pid was caught before we get here, it will be in our signalQueue array
// So let's go ahead and process it now as if we'd just received the signal
if(isset($this->signalQueue[$pid])){
echo "found $pid in the signal queue, processing it now \n";
$this->childSignalHandler(SIGCHLD, $pid, $this->signalQueue[$pid]);
unset($this->signalQueue[$pid]);
}
}
else{
//Forked child, do your deeds....
$exitStatus = 0; //Error code if you need to or whatever
echo "Doing something fun in pid ".getmypid()."\n";
exit($exitStatus);
}
return true;
}
public function childSignalHandler($signo, $pid=null, $status=null){
//If no pid is provided, that means we're getting the signal from the system. Let's figure out
//which child process ended
if(!$pid){
$pid = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG);
}
//Make sure we get all of the exited children
while($pid > 0){
if($pid && isset($this->currentJobs[$pid])){
$exitCode = pcntl_wexitstatus($status);
if($exitCode != 0){
echo "$pid exited with status ".$exitCode."\n";
}
unset($this->currentJobs[$pid]);
}
else if($pid){
//Oh no, our job has finished before this parent process could even note that it had been launched!
//Let's make note of it and handle it when the parent process is ready for it
echo "..... Adding $pid to the signal queue ..... \n";
$this->signalQueue[$pid] = $status;
}
$pid = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG);
}
return true;
}
}
gaylord at 100days dot de ¶
14 years ago
pcntl_wait will not terminate on signals if you have a PHP signal handler activated (pcntl_signal).
This is unless the signal handler was activated with 3rd parameter=true.
Example:
<?php
declare(ticks=1);
pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "myHandler");
$pid=pcntl_wait($status);
?>
This will not terminate on SIGTERM sent to the process, because "wait" will be restarted after php recieves the signal. The signal handler "myHandler" will not be called unless pcntl_wait terminates for some other reason.
Change to:
<?php
declare(ticks=1);
pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "myHandler", true);
$pid=pcntl_wait($status);
?>
Now the pcntl_wait terminates when a signal comes in and "myHandler" will be called on SIGTERM. (Make sure to put the wait in a loop though, because it will now not only terminate when a child exits but also when a signal arrives. Test for $pid>0 to detect a exit message from a child)
(thanks to Andrey for helping me debugging this)
duerra at yahoo dot com ¶
14 years ago
Oops, I stripped just a little much from the job daemon code in the previous comment. You'll want to add a little line before the ->launchJob() method is called:
<?php
while(count($this->currentJobs) >= $this->maxProcesses){
echo "Maximum children allowed, waiting...\n";
sleep(1);
}
digitalaudiorock at gmail dot com ¶
14 years ago
I was unable to get pcntl_wait or pcntl_waitpid to terminate when I had an active signal handler. I then noticed the post below from gaylord at 100days dot de, however I'm a little confused by that post as I found the exact opposite to be true. The default value of the third parameter of pcntl_signal (the restart_syscalls parameter) is true and this seems to cause the wait to continue when the signal arrives. In order to prevent this I had to expressly set it to false. That is:
pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, 'my_handler_function', false);
thisisroot at gmail dot com ¶
19 years ago
Below is a simple example of forking some children and timing the total duration (useful for stress tests).
<?php
$isParent = true;
$children = array();
$start = microtime( true);
/* Fork you!
* (Sorry, I had to)
*/
$ceiling = $CONCURRENCY - 1;
for ( $i = 0; (( $i < $ceiling) && ( $isParent)); $i++) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ( $pid === 0) {
$isParent = false;
} elseif ( $pid != -1) {
$children[] = $pid;
}
}
/* Process body */
echo "Do stuff here\n";
/* Cleanup */
if ( $isParent) {
$status = null;
while ( count( $children)) {
pcntl_wait( $status);
array_pop( $children);
}
echo "Completed in " . ( microtime( true) - $start) . " seconds.\n";
}
?>
thomas dot nicolai at unisg dot ch ¶
18 years ago
The code before isnt working for me cause the children are correctly started but not refreshed after they died. So keep in mind to use this instead and use the signal handler to know when a child exits to know when you have to start a new one. I added a few lines to the posting from {andy at cbeyond dot net} cause his post wasnt working for me as well (PHP5.1). Same effect like the one below.
<?php
declare(ticks = 1);
$max=5;
$child=0;
// function for signal handler
function sig_handler($signo) {
global $child;
switch ($signo) {
case SIGCHLD:
echo "SIGCHLD received\n";
$child--;
}
}
// install signal handler for dead kids
pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, "sig_handler");
while (1){
$child++;
$pid=pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == -1) {
die("could not fork");
} else if ($pid) {
// we are the parent
if ( $child >= $max ){
pcntl_wait($status);
$child++;
}
} else {
// we are the child
echo "\t Starting new child | now we de have $child child processes\n";
// presumably doing something interesting
sleep(rand(3,5));
exit;
}
}
?>
