Sometimes PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE does strange results.
<?php
$content = '<strong>Lorem ipsum dolor</strong> sit <img src="test.png" />amet <span class="test" style="color:red">consec<i>tet</i>uer</span>.';
$chars = preg_split('/<[^>]*[^\/]>/i', $content, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($chars);
?>
Produces:
Array
(
[0] => Lorem ipsum dolor
[1] => sit <img src="test.png" />amet
[2] => consec
[3] => tet
[4] => uer
)
So that the delimiter patterns are missing. If you wanna get these patters remember to use parentheses.
<?php
$chars = preg_split('/(<[^>]*[^\/]>)/i', $content, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($chars); //parentheses added
?>
Produces:
Array
(
[0] => <strong>
[1] => Lorem ipsum dolor
[2] => </strong>
[3] => sit <img src="test.png" />amet
[4] => <span class="test" style="color:red">
[5] => consec
[6] => <i>
[7] => tet
[8] => </i>
[9] => uer
[10] => </span>
[11] => .
)
preg_split
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
preg_split — Zerlegt eine Zeichenkette anhand eines regulären Ausdrucks
Beschreibung
Zerlegt die angegebene Zeichenkette anhand eines regulären Ausdrucks.
Parameter-Liste
-
pattern -
Der Ausdruck, nach dem gesucht werden soll, als Zeichenkette.
-
subject -
Die zu zerlegende Zeichenkette.
-
limit -
Falls angegeben, werden maximal
limitTeilzeichenketten zurückgegeben, wobei der Rest der Zeichenkette in der letzten Teilzeichenkette abgelegt wird. Einlimitvon -1 oder 0 bedeutet "kein Limit". -
flags -
flagskann jede Kombination der folgenden Flags sein (verknüpft mit dem bitweisen|Operator):-
PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY - Falls dieses Flag gesetzt ist, werden von preg_split() nur die Teile zurückgegeben, die nicht leer sind.
-
PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE - Falls dieses Flag gesetzt ist, werden auch die eingeklammerten Ausdrücke des Trennsymbol-Suchmusters erfasst und zurückgegeben.
-
PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE -
Falls dieses Flag gesetzt ist, wird mit jeder gefundenen Übereinstimmung die dazugehörige Position in der Zeichenkette zurückgegeben. Zu beachten ist, dass dies die Rückgabewerte in einem Array dahingehend ändert, dass jedes Element ein Array ist, das aus der übereinstimmenden Zeichenkette als Element
0und deren Stelle insubjectals Element1besteht.
-
Rückgabewerte
Gibt ein Array zurück, bestehend aus Teilzeichenketten der Zeichenkette
subject, die an den auf das Suchmuster
pattern passenden Stellen zerlegt wurde.
Bei einem Fehler wird false zurückgegeben.
Fehler/Exceptions
Wenn das übergebene Regex-Muster nicht zu einem gültigen Regex kompiliert werden
kann, wird ein Fehler der Stufe E_WARNING ausgegeben.
Beispiele
Beispiel #1 preg_split()-Beispiel: Eine Zeichenkette in Teile zerlegen
<?php
// zerlegt die Zeichenkette an Stellen mit beliebiger Anzahl von
// Kommata oder Leerzeichen, die " ", \r, \t, \n und \f umfassen
$schluesselwoerter = preg_split("/[\s,]+/", "hypertext language, programming");
print_r($schluesselwoerter);
?>Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:
Array
(
[0] => hypertext
[1] => language
[2] => programming
)
Beispiel #2 Eine Zeichenkette in einzelne Zeichen zerlegen
<?php
$str = 'string';
$zeichen = preg_split('//', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
print_r($zeichen);
?>Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:
Array
(
[0] => s
[1] => t
[2] => r
[3] => i
[4] => n
[5] => g
)
Beispiel #3 Zerlegen einer Zeichenkette in Suchtreffer und Erfassen der Positionen
<?php
$str = 'hypertext language programming';
$zeichen = preg_split('/ /', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
print_r($zeichen);
?>Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => hypertext
[1] => 0
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => language
[1] => 10
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => programming
[1] => 19
)
)
Anmerkungen
Tipp
Falls die Leistungsfähigkeit regulärer Ausdrücke nicht benötigt wird, können stattdessen schnellere (und gleichzeitig einfachere) Alternativen wie explode() oder str_split() verwendet werden.
Tipp
Falls keine Übereinstimmungen gefunden wurden, wird ein Array mit nur einem Element zurückgegeben, das die übergebene Zeichenkette enthält.
Siehe auch
- PCRE-Suchmuster
- preg_quote() - Maskiert Zeichen regulärer Ausdrücke
- implode() - Verbindet Array-Elemente zu einem String
- preg_match() - Führt eine Suche mit einem regulären Ausdruck durch
- preg_match_all() - Führt eine vollständige Suche mit einem regulären Ausdruck durch
- preg_replace() - Sucht und ersetzt mit regulären Ausdrücken
- preg_last_error() - Liefert den Fehlercode der letzten PCRE-RegEx-Auswertung
add a note
User Contributed Notes 18 notes
jan dot sochor at icebolt dot info ¶
15 years ago
buzoganylaszlo at yahoo dot com ¶
15 years ago
Extending m.timmermans's solution, you can use the following code as a search expression parser:
<?php
$search_expression = "apple bear \"Tom Cruise\" or 'Mickey Mouse' another word";
$words = preg_split("/[\s,]*\\\"([^\\\"]+)\\\"[\s,]*|" . "[\s,]*'([^']+)'[\s,]*|" . "[\s,]+/", $search_expression, 0, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($words);
?>
The result will be:
Array
(
[0] => apple
[1] => bear
[2] => Tom Cruise
[3] => or
[4] => Mickey Mouse
[5] => another
[6] => word
)
1. Accepted delimiters: white spaces (space, tab, new line etc.) and commas.
2. You can use either simple (') or double (") quotes for expressions which contains more than one word.
canadian dot in dot exile at gmail dot com ¶
8 years ago
This regular expression will split a long string of words into an array of sub-strings, of some maximum length, but only on word-boundries.
I use the reg-ex with preg_match_all(); but, I'm posting this example here (on the page for preg_split()) because that's where I looked when I wanted to find a way to do this.
Hope it saves someone some time.
<?php
// example of a long string of words
$long_string = 'Your IP Address will be logged with the submitted note and made public on the PHP manual user notes mailing list. The IP address is logged as part of the notes moderation process, and won\'t be shown within the PHP manual itself.';
// "word-wrap" at, for example, 60 characters or less
$max_len = 60;
// this regular expression will split $long_string on any sub-string of
// 1-or-more non-word characters (spaces or punctuation)
if(preg_match_all("/.{1,{$max_len}}(?=\W+)/", $long_string, $lines) !== False) {
// $lines now contains an array of sub-strings, each will be approx.
// $max_len characters - depending on where the last word ended and
// the number of 'non-word' characters found after the last word
for ($i=0; $i < count($lines[0]); $i++) {
echo "[$i] {$lines[0][$i]}\n";
}
}
?>
Hayley Watson ¶
5 years ago
Assuming you're using UTF-8, this function can be used to separate Unicode text into individual codepoints without the need for the multibyte extension.
<?php
preg_split('//u', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
?>
The words "English", "Español", and "Русский" are all seven letters long. But strlen would report string lengths 7, 8 and 14, respectively. The preg_split above would return a seven-element array in all three cases.
It splits '한국어' into the array ['한', '국', '어'] instead of the 9-character array that str_split($text) would produce.
eric at clarinova dot com ¶
13 years ago
Here is another way to split a CamelCase string, which is a simpler expression than the one using lookaheads and lookbehinds:
preg_split('/([[:upper:]][[:lower:]]+)/', $last, null, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE|PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)
It makes the entire CamelCased word the delimiter, then returns the delimiters (PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE) and omits the empty values between the delimiters (PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)
Daniel Schroeder ¶
14 years ago
If you want to split by a char, but want to ignore that char in case it is escaped, use a lookbehind assertion.
In this example a string will be split by ":" but "\:" will be ignored:
<?php
$string='a:b:c\:d';
$array=preg_split('#(?<!\\\)\:#',$string);
print_r($array);
?>
Results into:
Array
(
[0] => a
[1] => b
[2] => c\:d
)
jetsoft at iinet.net.au ¶
20 years ago
To clarify the "limit" parameter and the PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE option,
<?php
$preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 4 ,PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
?>
returns:
('1', ' ', '2', ' ' , '3', ' ', '4 5 6 7 8')
So you actually get 7 array items not 4
Steve ¶
19 years ago
preg_split() behaves differently from perl's split() if the string ends with a delimiter. This perl snippet will print 5:
my @a = split(/ /, "a b c d e ");
print scalar @a;
The corresponding php code prints 6:
<?php print count(preg_split("/ /", "a b c d e ")); ?>
This is not necessarily a bug (nowhere does the documentation say that preg_split() behaves the same as perl's split()) but it might surprise perl programmers.
PhoneixSegovia at gmail dot com ¶
13 years ago
You must be caution when using lookbehind to a variable match.
For example:
'/(?<!\\\)\r?\n)/'
to match a new line when not \ is before it don't go as spected as it match \r as the lookbehind (becouse isn't a \) and is optional before \n.
You must use this for example:
'/((?<!\\\|\r)\n)|((?<!\\\)\r\n)/'
That match a alone \n (not preceded by \r or \) or a \r\n not preceded by a \.
dewi at dewimorgan dot com ¶
3 years ago
Beware that it is not safe to assume there are no empty values returned by PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY, nor that you will see no delimiters if you use PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE, as there are some edge cases where these are not true.
<?php
# As expected, splitting a string by itself returns two empty strings:
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "x"));
array (
0 => '',
1 => '',
)
# But if we add PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY, then instead of an empty array, we get the delimiter.
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "x", PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));
array (
0 => 'x',
)
And if we try to split an empty string, then instead of an empty array, we get an empty string even with PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY.
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "", PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));
array (
0 => '',
)
?>
Miller ¶
10 years ago
This is a function to truncate a string of text while preserving the whitespace (for instance, getting an excerpt from an article while maintaining newlines). It will not jive well with HTML, of course.
<?php
/**
* Truncates a string of text by word count
* @param string $text The text to truncate
* @param int $max_words The maximum number of words
* @return string The truncated text
*/
function limit_words ($text, $max_words) {
$split = preg_split('/(\s+)/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
$truncated = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < min(count($split), $max_words*2); $i += 2) {
$truncated .= $split[$i].$split[$i+1];
}
return trim($truncated);
}
?>
php at dmi dot me dot uk ¶
15 years ago
To split a camel-cased string using preg_split() with lookaheads and lookbehinds:
<?php
function splitCamelCase($str) {
return preg_split('/(?<=\\w)(?=[A-Z])/', $str);
}
?>
csaba at alum dot mit dot edu ¶
15 years ago
If the task is too complicated for preg_split, preg_match_all might come in handy, since preg_split is essentially a special case.
I wanted to split a string on a certain character (asterisk), but only if it wasn't escaped (by a preceding backslash). Thus, I should ensure an even number of backslashes before any asterisk meant as a splitter. Look-behind in a regular expression wouldn't work since the length of the preceding backslash sequence can't be fixed. So I turned to preg_match_all:
<?php
// split a string at unescaped asterisks
// where backslash is the escape character
$splitter = "/\\*((?:[^\\\\*]|\\\\.)*)/";
preg_match_all($splitter, "*$string", $aPieces, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
$aPieces = $aPieces[1];
// $aPieces now contains the exploded string
// and unescaping can be safely done on each piece
foreach ($aPieces as $idx=>$piece)
$aPieces[$idx] = preg_replace("/\\\\(.)/s", "$1", $piece);
?>
david dot binovec at gmail dot com ¶
13 years ago
Limit = 1 may be confusing. The important thing is that in case of limit equals to 1 will produce only ONE substring. Ergo the only one substring will be the first one as well as the last one. Tnat the rest of the string (after the first delimiter) will be placed to the last substring. But last is the first and only one.
<?php
$output = $preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 1);
echo $output[0] //will return whole string!;
$output = $preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 2);
echo $output[0] //will return 1;
echo $output[1] //will return '2 3 4 5 6 7 8';
?>
kenorb at gmail dot com ¶
15 years ago
If you need convert function arguments without default default values and references, you can try this code:
<?php
$func_args = '$node, $op, $a3 = NULL, $form = array(), $a4 = NULL'
$call_arg = preg_match_all('@(?<func_arg>\$[^,= ]+)@i', $func_args, $matches);
$call_arg = implode(',', $matches['func_arg']);
?>
Result: string = "$node,$op,$a3,$form,$a4"
Walf ¶
2 years ago
Using PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE without PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY guarantees that all the odd-numbered keys in the result will contain the delimiters. This makes further processing more predictable, and empty strings can always be filtered out at the end.
markac ¶
9 years ago
Split string into words.
<?php
$string = 'This - is a, very dirty "string" :-)';
// split into words
$wordlist = preg_split('/\W/', $string, 0, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
// returns only words that have minimum 2 chars
$wordlist = array_filter($wordlist, function($val) {
return strlen($val) >= 2;
});
// print
var_dump($wordlist);
?>
Result:
array (size=5)
0 => string 'This' (length=4)
1 => string 'is' (length=2)
3 => string 'very' (length=4)
4 => string 'dirty' (length=5)
5 => string 'string' (length=6)
php at haravikk dot me ¶
7 years ago
When using the PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE option you will end up with all results in a single array, which is often undesirable as it means you then have to filter out any delimiters you wanted to check for but not keep.
To get around this you can instead use preg_match_all() to perform the split. For comparison, here are two examples, both splitting around colon and semi-colon characters:
<?php $pieces_with_delimiters = preg_split('/[;:]/', $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE); ?>
<?php preg_match_all('/([^;:]*)([;:]|$)/', $input, $matches);
list(, $pieces, $delimiters) = $matches ?>
The latter requires a more complex pattern, but produces a much more convenient set of results to work with, depending upon what you want to do with them.
