Nginx 1.4.x auf Unix-Systemen

Diese Dokumentation deckt die Installation und Konfiguration von PHP mit PHP-FPM für ein Nginx 1.4.x HTTP Server ab.

Diese Anleitung setzt voraus, dass Sie Nginx aus dem Quelltext erstellt haben und dadurch alle Binaries und Konfigurationsdateien in /usr/local/nginx abgelegt sind. Wenn dies nicht der Fall ist und Sie Nginx über eine andere Quelle bezogen haben, dann lesen Sie bitte im » Nginx-Wiki nach, um dieses Handbuch für Ihre Installation anzupassen.

Diese Anleitung wird die Grundlagen der Konfiguration eines Nginx-Servers abdecken, um PHP-Applikationen auszuführen und unter Port 80 bereitzustellen. Wenn Sie Ihre Installation über den Rahmen dieser Dokumentation hinaus optimieren möchten, sollten Sie die Nginx- und PHP-FPM-Dokumentation lesen.

Hinweis: In dieser Dokumentation wurden Versionsnummern durchgehend mit einem 'x' ersetzt. Dies stellt sicher, dass die Dokumentation auch für künftige Versionen richtig bleibt. Bitte ersetzen Sie diese soweit notwendig mit Ihrer entstprechenden Version.

  1. Es wird empfohlen, dass Sie die » Installationsseite im Nginx-Wiki besuchen, um Nginx für Ihr System zu erhalten und zu installieren.

  2. Den PHP-Quellcode herunterladen und entpacken:

    tar zxf php-x.x.x
    
  3. Konfigurieren und Erstellen von PHP. Dies ist die Stelle, an der Sie Ihre PHP-Installation individuell mit verschiedenen Optionen anpassen. Sowas wie: welche Erweiterung (extension) aktiviert (enabled) wird. Führen Sie ./configure --help für eine Liste der verfügbaren Optionen aus. In unserem Beispiel werden wir eine einfache Konfiguration mit PHP-FPM- und MySQLi-Unterstützung durchführen.

    cd ../php-x.x.x
    ./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysqli
    make
    sudo make install
    
  4. Erhalten und verschieben von Konfigurationsdateien an die richtige Stelle

    cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
    cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf
    cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin
    
  5. Es ist wichtig, dass wir Nginx daran hindern Anfragen an das PHP-FPM Backend zu leiten, wenn die Datei nicht existiert. Dies erlaubt uns willkürliche Skript Eingaben (script injection) zu verhindern.

    Wir können dies durch eine Einstellung beheben, indem wir innerhalb unserer php.ini Datei die cgi.fix_pathinfo Direktive auf 0 setzen.

    Einlesen der php.ini:

    vim /usr/local/php/php.ini
    

    Positionieren auf cgi.fix_pathinfo= und wie folgt modifizieren:

    cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
    
  6. php-fpm.conf muss angepasst werden, damit php-fpm als User www-data und Gruppe www-data ausgeführt wird, bevor wir es Service starten können:

    vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    

    Finden und modifizieren Sie folgendes:

    ; Unix user/group of processes
    ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
    ;       will be used.
    user = www-data
    group = www-data
    

    Der php-fpm Service kann wie folgt gestartet werden:

    /usr/local/bin/php-fpm
    

    Diese Anleitung wird nicht weiter auf die php-fpm Konfiguration eingehen. Wenn Sie weiteres Interesse an der php-fpm Konfiguration haben, dann ziehen Sie bitte die entsprechende Dokumentation heran.

  7. Nginx muss jetzt konfiguriert werden, um PHP Applikationen ablaufen zu lassen:

    vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    

    Modifizieren Sie den Bereich voreingestellte Positionen, um zu gewährleisten, dass .php Dateien verarbeitet werden:

    location / {
        root   html;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    Der nächste Schritt soll sicherstellen, dass .php Dateien an des PHP-FPM Backend geleitet werden. Geben Sie unter dem auskommentierten standard PHP location Block folgendes ein:

    location ~* \.php$ {
        fastcgi_index   index.php;
        fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
        include         fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
    }

    Neustart von Nginx.

    sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
    sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    
  8. Erstellen einer Test Datei

    rm /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
    echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
    

    Nun navigieren Sie zu http://localhost. Die Funktion phpinfo() sollte nun angezeigt werden.

Folgen Sie den obigen Schritten und Sie werden ein laufenden Nginx Web-Server mit Unterstützung für PHP als ein FPM SAPI Modul erhalten. Natürlich sind noch viel mehr Konfigurations-Einstellungen für Nginx und PHP verfügbar. Für weitere Informationen geben Sie ./configure --help im entsprechenden Quellpfad ein.

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User Contributed Notes 10 notes

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41
Lenny
8 years ago
Building from source is not easy if something is a bit different, and I had a hard time with some directory and configuration options. I was floundering around the web until I found this site that translated from Chinese. No one else had the solution.  I couldn't get php fpm to start until I changed the directory (Item 2.ERROR: Unable to globalize). I had other issues listed but I was able to solve them. Please don't delete this, it is very useful info.

The original site  (it is in Chinese, not my site, but I want to give credit):

(there is some more there, you can goto the site)

blog.dream1987.top/?paged=2

Installation problems:

1. configure: error:. Xml2-config not found Please check your libxml2 installation.

solution:

apt-get install libxml2-dev



2.Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Installer :: download () should be compatible with & PEAR_Downloader :: download ($ params) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR /Installer.php on line 43

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_PackageFile_Parser_v2 :: parse () should be compatible with PEAR_XMLParser :: parse ($ data) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib.phar/PEAR/PackageFile/ Parser / v2.php on line 113
[PEAR] Archive_Tar - already installed: 1.3.13
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - already installed: 1.3.1
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- already installed: 1.0.4

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Replace :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Replace.php on line 31
[PEAR] XML_Util - already installed: 1.2.3

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Windowseol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Windowseol.php on line 76

Warning: Declaration of PEAR_Task_Unixeol :: init () should be compatible with PEAR_Task_Common :: init ($ xml, $ fileAttributes, $ lastVersion) in phar: ///root/php-7.0.0alpha1/pear/install-pear-nozlib. phar / PEAR / Task / Unixeol.php on line 76
[PEAR] PEAR - already installed: 1.9.5

solution:

Workaround not found (http://pear.php.net/bugs/bug.php?id=20554)

3. Start php-fpm

1.ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory (2)
ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf'
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Php-fpm.conf copy files from the source file to that location.

cp /root/php-7.0.0alpha1/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf

2.ERROR: Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret = 2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.
ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf'
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Edit /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf document introduced * .conf part, change to the correct path include = / usr / local / etc / php-fpm.d / *. Conf

If there is no /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d directory, create the directory.

3.WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.
ERROR:. No pool defined at least one pool section must be specified in config file
ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

cp www.conf.default www.conf

4.ERROR: [pool www] can not get gid for group 'nobody'
ERROR: FPM initialization failed

solution:

Www.conf open files, user and group users into nginx default settings, usually the default is www-data.
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8
uanaoeng at outlook dot com
5 years ago
When I run the following command to start the php-fpm:
/usr/local/bin/php-fpm

I got the following error information:
Unable to globalize '/usr/local/NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' (ret=2) from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.

To fix this error, do:
change the string "include=NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" to "include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf" in the file "/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf" with text editor.

After that, I try to start the php-fpm again and got error information again:
Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 143.

To fix this error, do:
cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
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8
Leon Nguyen vnlab
3 years ago
To maximize the server performance with highest speed, with fewest resources, i have decided to compile PHP 8 manually from minimal Linux/Unix-based OS (my Linux distro is rpm-based packages)

My system has successfully powered up by PHP 8.0.9 - with Opcache/JIT enabled & other several PHP extension module. Here is several experience that may save you several hours of research.

1. Before step (3) - Configure and build PHP - to ensure that no errors occurs, you can refer to my prerequisites library.

sudo dnf install \
gcc gcc-c++ make cmake autoconfig \
zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel \
libxml2-devel libxslt-devel \
bzip2-devel curl-devel libzip-devel\
sqlite-devel \
systemd-devel \
openssl-devel \
libffi-devel \
libpng libpng-devel libwebp libwebp-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libXpm libXpm-devel \
freetype-devel \
gmp-devel \
libldb-devel \
libc-client libc-client-devel \
openldap openldap-devel \
oniguruma oniguruma-devel \
net-snmp-devel readline-devel unixODBC-devel \
uw-imap uw-imap-devel uw-imap-static uw-imap-utils \
libicu-devel \
enchant2 enchant2-devel \
gd gd-devel \
libsodium libsodium-devel \
libtidy libtidy-devel

You may not receive error when issuing ./configure, make && make install. Even when you manually build your PHP extension package later.

2. At step 5 - before modifying php.ini - you may double-check whether the current PHP is reading which php.ini file by this command

php -ini | grep php.ini
# My result. It is different from tutorial.
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/lib
Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/lib/php.ini
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610010559 at qq dot com
5 years ago
in linux system, if you want to add php-fpm service to system service;  it is easy to do that, because php offer the relate shell script:

after make and make install;enter the source code package sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm ; type the code in the linux system. 
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm  /etc/init.d/php-fpm

then you can use "php-fpm {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest} "  command  to control your php-fpm program more convenient .
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1
timy.shark
2 years ago
Great effort for this tutorial, thanks a ton, here are my notes if may help anyone, considering default install on WSL2 container
Note: composer added for Laravel framework.
These are NOT to be copy and pasted as it is, need to be selective as there are annotations beside some commands,
Also I've commented # some of the defaults written by the original editor due to mismatch to my current environment.

sha256sum  php-x.x.x.tar.gz => e847745fd66fc8c57fac993a609fefcded93fddccd225f0620a26bb5ae5753c3
    tar zxf php-x.x.x
    sudo apt install build-essential
    sudo apt install -y composer nginx pkgconf libxml2-dev  libsqlite3-dev zlib1g-dev
    cd php-x.x.x
    ./configure --enable-fpm --with-mysqli <==Thank you for installing PHP.
        make <== takes a while
    sudo make test <== optional as recommended
    sudo make install <= /usr/local/bin /usr/local/php
    sudo cp php.ini-development /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    sudo cp /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin
    sudo vim /usr/local/php/php.ini <= cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
    sudo vim /usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf <= user=www-data group=www-data
    sudo vim sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf <= edit include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf  <- relative path
    sudo cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/etc
    /usr/local/bin/php -v <= $PATH$ uses /usr/local/bin at first /usr/local/lib/php.ini
    sudo /usr/local/bin/php-fpm <= start the service
    sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default <= edit the following under server {}
    location / {
    #root   html;   
    #index  index.php index.html index.htm;
}
    location ~* \.php$ {
    #fastcgi_index   index.php;
    fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
    include         fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
}
   
    *Restart nginx (root /var/www/html) if root path doesn't exist, default is: /usr/share/nginx/html
    sudo nginx -t <= Test Nginx conf files
    sudo service nginx reload
    sudo service nginx stop
    sudo service nginx start <= [OK]
   
php-fpm needs to be in a service, or kill process manually ps -aux | grep php-fpm ; kill <pid>
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nguyentienlong88 at gmail dot com
8 years ago
at step 3, after command "sudo make install"
if there is problem with pear.php.net (https). Need to change this line (from https to http) in Makefile
PEAR_INSTALLER_URL = http://pear.php.net/install-pear-nozlib.phar
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1097625354 at qq dot com
5 years ago
cp php/php.ini-development        php/lib/php.ini
cp php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default       php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default     php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
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Akash Kumar Sharma
8 years ago
If you get "File not found" error then add "root ROOT_DIR_LOCATION" directive to PHP location block i.e. "location ~* \.php$ { }" , where ROOT_DIR_LOCATION is root directory like "/usr/share/nginx/html" .
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0
nguyentienlong88 at gmail dot com
8 years ago
at step 3, if there is no configure script yet, you need to rebuiding configure script using this command:
  
./buildconf --force
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-1
sp at rysmax dot com
6 years ago
Translate errors:

Теперь перейдите в http://localhsot
Теперь перейдите в http://localhost

В этом разделе описивыется
В этом разделе описывается

запрещаем Nginx от отправлять
запрещаем Nginx отправлять
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