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    User Contributed Notes 24 notes

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    25
    dan -AT- NOSPAM danschafer DOT netTT
    17 years ago
    Currently, all OpenSSL Functions defined in PHP only utilize the PEM format.  Use the following code to convert from DER to PEM and PEM to DER.

    <?php
    $pem_data     = file_get_contents($cert_path.$pem_file);
    $pem2der = pem2der($pem_data);

    $der_data = file_get_contents($cert_path.$der_file);
    $der2pem = der2pem($der_data);

    function     pem2der($pem_data) {
           $begin = "CERTIFICATE-----";
           $end   = "-----END";
           $pem_data = substr($pem_data, strpos($pem_data, $begin)+strlen($begin));   
           $pem_data = substr($pem_data, 0, strpos($pem_data, $end));
           $der = base64_decode($pem_data);
       return     $der;
    }

    function     der2pem($der_data) {
           $pem = chunk_split(base64_encode($der_data), 64, "\n");
           $pem = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n".$pem."-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
       return     $pem;
    }
    ?>
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    8
    skippy zuavra net
    20 years ago
    In case you're wondering what's a "correctly hashed" directory for the use with cainfo: it's simply a directory which contains CA public certificates in PEM/X.509 format. You can get such certificates either from the CA's website (they advertise it in visible places) or from your browser. In Explorer for instance you can click on the little yellow padlock, go to the CA entry and export it.

    The only trick with the directory is that file names must be in the form "hash.#". The "hash" part is the 8-digit hex hash of the certificate, while the # part is a number which serves to differentiate certificates which give the same hash (yes, it can happen with certificates coming from the same CA). Usually # is 0, but you also can use 1, 2 and so on when having more certs with the same hash.

    In order to obtain the hash of a certificate you can use the openssl command line utility like this:

    openssl x509 -hash -in certfile.cer | head -1
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    3
    kraven at kraven dot org
    11 years ago
    If you want to verify that a csr was generated properly from your private key you can do the following:

    <?php
    $countryName     = "UK";
    $stateOrProvinceName = "London";
    $localityName = "Blah";
    $organizationName = "Blah1";
    $organizationalUnitName = "Blah2";
    $commonName = "Joe Bloggs";
    $emailAddress = "openssl@example.com";

    $dn = array(
          "countryName" => $countryName,
          "stateOrProvinceName" => $stateOrProvinceName,
          "localityName" => $localityName,
          "organizationName" => $organizationName,
          "organizationalUnitName" => $organizationalUnitName,
          "commonName" => $commonName,
          "emailAddress" => $emailAddress
    );

    $badPriv = 'foo';

    // generate a bad csr
    $badCsr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $badPriv);

    // generate private key
    $priv = openssl_pkey_new();

    // generate csr
    $csr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $priv);

    $badCsrDetails = openssl_pkey_get_details(openssl_csr_get_public_key($badCsr));
    $privDetails = openssl_pkey_get_details($priv);
    $csrDetails = openssl_pkey_get_details(openssl_csr_get_public_key($csr));

    echo     md5($badCsrDetails['rsa']['n']);
    echo     "\nDoes not match\n";
    echo     md5($privDetails['rsa']['n']);
    echo     "\nMatches\n";
    echo     md5($csrDetails['rsa']['n']);
    echo     "\n";
    ?>

    This output is an md5 hash of the modulus.  The same check can be accomplished with openssl:
    openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in server.key | openssl md5
    openssl req -noout -modulus -in server.csr | openssl md5
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    5
    peter dot mescalchin @ geemail dot com
    18 years ago
    For w32 users to enable OpenSSL support. As well as copying "libeay32.dll" to the windows system32 folder you also need to copy "ssleay32.dll".  The documentation above should probably be updated to note this.

    This requirement was documented at the libcurl pages:

    http://curl.haxx.se/libcurl/php/install.html#windows
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    2
    jts
    16 years ago
    Win32 users having trouble getting php_openssl to work should make sure that they replace ALL the versions of libeay32.dll and ssleay32.dll, with the ones included with PHP.  This is especially true while using Apache2 and OpenSSL together, as some OpenSSL win32 packages include older versions of these two files.
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    2
    greensweater
    19 years ago
    "You need to have a valid openssl.cnf installed for this function to operate correctly" includes most openssl functions. You can force php to find your openssl.cnf file as follows:

    $config = array('config'=>'/path/to/openssl.cnf');
    $pkey = openssl_pkey_new($config);
    $csr = openssl_csr_new('MyCSR',$pkey,$config);
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    1
    yabba dabba
    18 years ago
    The php4 distribution for Windows/IIS has a README-SSL.txt which strongly implies that just the path needs to be added to the OPENSLL_CONF variable in the server's environment variables. Be sure to add the file name and extension too.

    E.g.: c:\php-4.3.11\openssl\openssl.cnf
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    1
    web at mburda dot com
    16 years ago
    There is a little problem with Matt Alexander's code below.
    Both public and private key are generated internally and saved into OpenSSL class object properties but only private key is then used.
    Public key is taken from an external file and if it differs from the one stored internally, OpenSSL fails to decrypt the text.
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    1
    stephen_at_liberty-irm_dot_com
    16 years ago
    This note is primarily aimed at folks storing encrypted things in MySQL as I'm unfamiliar with other database setups. If you store, for example, a credit card number that has been encrypted by openssl_public_encrypt inside of a database, the column type for the column you are storing the number in must be a blob. This is because "the result might contain arbitrary byte values" (MySQL Reference Manual). Basically, if you try to store it in a VARCHAR, LONGTEXT, etc, certain parts of the encrypted data may be dropped, truncated, etc. This will of course make the data impossible to decrypt. Hopefully this will help someone, because it had me stumped for about an hour!
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    1
    karel dot wintersky at gmail dot com
    7 years ago
    May be useful for cyphers execution speed.

    <?php
    // PHP 7.0+ required!
    // see results at https://gist.github.com/KarelWintersky/fe29dcad75de515e5a468894e7c070e6

    const TEST_COUNT = 100000;
    const     SOURCE = 'Note that HTML tags are not allowed in the posts, but the note formatting is preserved.';
    const     KEY = "password";

    function     TESTER( $testing_function, $argument )
    {
            $t = microtime(true);

        for (    $test_iterator = 0; $test_iterator < TEST_COUNT; $test_iterator++) {
                $testing_function( $argument );
        }
        return     round(microtime(true) - $t, 4);
    }

    $crypt = function($cipher) {
            $ivlen = openssl_cipher_iv_length($cipher);
            $iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($ivlen);
            openssl_encrypt(SOURCE, $cipher, KEY, $options=0, $iv);
    };

    $methods = openssl_get_cipher_methods(false);

    array_splice( $methods, 0, count($methods) / 2);

    $timings = array();

    foreach (    $methods as $cypher) {
            $time = TESTER( $crypt, $cypher );
            $timings[ $cypher ] = $time;
        echo     str_pad($cypher, 40, ' ', STR_PAD_LEFT), " have time  ", str_pad($time, 8, STR_PAD_LEFT), ' seconds. ', PHP_EOL;
    }

    uasort($timings, function($a, $b){
        return     $a <=> $b;
    });

    $min_time = round(reset($timings) / TEST_COUNT, 7);
    $min_cypher = key($timings);

    $max_time = round(end($timings) / TEST_COUNT, 7);
    $max_cypher = key($timings);

    echo     '-------------', PHP_EOL;
    echo     "Total tests: ", count($timings), PHP_EOL;
    echo     "Max timing : {$max_time} seconds for `{$max_cypher}` algorithm.", PHP_EOL;
    echo     "Min timing : {$min_time} seconds for `{$min_cypher}` algorithm.", PHP_EOL;

    echo     'Details: ', PHP_EOL;

    foreach (    $timings as $m => $t) {
        echo     '- ', str_pad($t, 8, STR_PAD_LEFT), " seconds for `{$m}`",  PHP_EOL;
    }

    echo     PHP_EOL;
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    2
    kurian at net4ideas dot com
    17 years ago
    For working of openssl in windows platform IIS webserver, we need to enable in php.ini, tne copy libeay32.dll and ssleay32.dll to the php folder (or windows's system32 folder) and add both dll's path to the window's PATH variable. It seems to be working for me after I did these changes.
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    1
    Richard Ablewhite
    17 years ago
    Windows users be warned that you need the following file in system32:

    msvcr71.dll

    It has to go in system32, is not picked up from php/dlls
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    1
    matt at NOSPAMopenflowsPLEASE dot org
    19 years ago
    The openssl functions were disabled in Debian release 3.0 (woody), but as of release 3.1 (sarge) they're available again.
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    1
    greensweater
    19 years ago
    Sorry, the code in my previous note doesn't work... the last line should read:

    $csr = openssl_csr_new(array('commonName'=>'MyCSR'),$pkey,$config);
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    -1
    Anonymous
    3 years ago
    Improvement to the first comment, this function will handle correctly cert chains when converting from PEM to DER format:

    <?php

            function pemToDer(string $pem_data): string
            {
                $der_data = '';

                $begin = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
                $end   = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
            while (    strpos($pem_data, $begin) !== false) {
                    $pem_data = substr($pem_data, strpos($pem_data, $begin) + strlen($begin));
                    $der_data .= substr($pem_data, 0, strpos($pem_data, $end));
                    $pem_data = substr($pem_data, strpos($pem_data, $end) + strlen($end));
            }

            return     base64_decode($der_data);
        }
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    1
    jaz at ensn dot net
    20 years ago
    For newbies (as me):
    If you want to try at home on win32, you can learn how to install apache+ssl on this url: http://tud.at/programm/apache-ssl-win32-howto.php3

    Versions on English, Spanish and French.

    Just I have read and install and run perfectly.
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    1
    norman at rasmussen dot org
    20 years ago
    Debian maintainers have disabled the openssl support because it seems to help break apache on startup.  (http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=193343 and http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=165699)

    - Norman
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    0
    rahuul at yours dot com
    14 years ago
    for changing serial no of cert following is the solution:

    <?php
    $sscert     = openssl_csr_sign($csr, $cacert, $privkey, $days,$config,$serial);
    ?>
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    0
    daevid at daevid dot com
    17 years ago
    There doesn't seem to be a function here to test if a cert is valid (i.e. not corrupt)... This bash snippet should help. Sorry it's not PHP. slap it in a system(); call or make it a bash script and call it that way or something...

    if [ "`openssl x509 -in /etc/certs/my.crt -noout -modulus`" = "`openssl rsa -in /etc/keys/my.key -noout -modulus`" ]; then echo "Match"; else echo "Different"; fi
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    0
    ChronoFish
    17 years ago
    There is a note below regarding the need to copy BOTH ssleay32.dll AND libeay32.dll to a folder in the system PATH on Win32 systems.

    That is absolutely true.  It should be noted also that Windows will search the Windows system directories before it will search the PATH.  If you have existing .dlls in these directories - rename (rather than deleting in case you need to undo your changes) them and copy over the latest version of these files.

    Key locations may include the /i386, /windows/system32, and ~/apache/.../modules directories.

    I also updated my ~/subversion/bin directory.

    -CF
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    -1
    igor dot gorshkov at gmail dot com
    17 years ago
    I generate certificates in such a way.

    $config = array("config" => "d:/sslcert/openssl.cnf");
    $dn = array(
       "countryName" => "RU",
       "stateOrProvinceName" => "Russia",
       "localityName" => "Saint-Petersburg",
       "organizationName" => "temp",
       "organizationalUnitName" => "temp",
       "commonName" => "temp",
       "emailAddress" => "temp@temp.com"
    );
    $privkey_enc = openssl_pkey_new($config);
    $csr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $privkey_enc, $config);
    $sscert = openssl_csr_sign($csr, null, $privkey_enc, 365);
    openssl_x509_export_to_file($sscert, "d:/cert_enc.crt");
    openssl_pkey_export_to_file($privkey_enc, "d:/privkey_enc.pem");

    As a result all the received certificates have identical serial number (00). But it should not be! How to avoid it?
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    -3
    mattalexx at gmail dot com
    17 years ago
    Use this for simple public/private key encryption.

    <?php

    /**
    * Point to your config file
    *
    */
    define("OPEN_SSL_CONF_PATH", "/usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf");
    /**
    * Length of time certificate is valid (in days)
    *
    */
    define("OPEN_SSL_CERT_DAYS_VALID", 365);
    /**
    * Passphrase required with private key
    *
    */
    define("OPEN_SSL_PASSPHRASE", "lkdfjbjeyrasdfvkajwdeblsolkdkdjfbvzslalsmdbfvksb");
    /**
    * Enter description here...
    *
    */
    define("OPEN_SSL_PUBKEY_PATH", "/docs/domains/mywebsite.com/docs/key.pem"); // Public key path

    /**
    * A wrapper class for a simple subset of the PHP OpenSSL functions. Use for public key encryption jobs.
    *
    * <code>
    *
    * // To configure
    * // 1. Set OPEN_SSL_CONF_PATH to the path of your openssl.cnf file.
    * // 2. Set OPEN_SSL_PASSPHRASE to any passphrase.
    * // 3. Use the OpenSSL::do_csr method to generate your private and public keys (see next section).
    * // 4. Save the private key somewhere offline and save your public key somewhere on this machine.
    * // 5. Set OPEN_SSL_PUBKEY_PATH to the public key's path.
    *
    * // To generate keys
    * $ossl = new OpenSSL;
    * $ossl->do_csr();
    * $privatekey = $ossl->privatekey;
    * $publickey = $ossl->publickey;
    * unset($ossl);
    *
    * // Encrypt
    * $text = "Secret text";
    * $ossl = new OpenSSL;
    * $ossl->encrypt($text);
    * $encrypted_text = $ossl->crypttext;
    * $ekey = $ossl->ekey;
    * unset($ossl);
    *
    * // Decrypt
    * $ossl = new OpenSSL;
    * $decrypted_text = $ossl->decrypt($encrypted_text, $privatekey, $ekey);
    * unset($ossl);
    *
    * @author Matt Alexander (mattalexx@gmail.com) [based on code by Alex Poole (php@wwwcrm.com)]
    * @copyright 2007
    *
    */
    class OpenSSL {
      
       public     $privatekey;
       public     $publickey;
       public     $csr;
       public     $crypttext;
       public     $ekey;
       
       public function     encrypt($plain) {
         
              // Turn public key into resource
              $publickey = openssl_get_publickey(is_file(OPEN_SSL_PUBKEY_PATH)? file_get_contents(OPEN_SSL_PUBKEY_PATH) : OPEN_SSL_PUBKEY_PATH);
         
              // Encrypt
              openssl_seal($plain, $crypttext, $ekey, array($publickey));
              openssl_free_key($publickey);
         
              // Set values
              $this->crypttext = $crypttext;
              $this->ekey = $ekey[0];
       }

       public function     decrypt($crypt, $privatekey, $ekey="") {
      
              // Turn private key into resource
              $privatekey = openssl_get_privatekey((is_file($privatekey)? file_get_contents($privatekey) : $privatekey), OPEN_SSL_PASSPHRASE);
         
              // Decrypt
              openssl_open($crypt, $plaintext, $ekey, $privatekey);
              openssl_free_key($privatekey);
         
              // Return value
              return $plaintext;
       }

       public function     do_csr(
           $countryName = "UK",
           $stateOrProvinceName = "London",
           $localityName = "Blah",
           $organizationName = "Blah1",
           $organizationalUnitName = "Blah2",
           $commonName = "Joe Bloggs",
           $emailAddress = "openssl@domain.com"
           ) {        
              $dn = array(
                 "countryName" => $countryName,
                 "stateOrProvinceName" => $stateOrProvinceName,
                 "localityName" => $localityName,
                 "organizationName" => $organizationName,
                 "organizationalUnitName" => $organizationalUnitName,
                 "commonName" => $commonName,
                 "emailAddress" => $emailAddress
                 );
              $config = array(
                 "config" => OPEN_SSL_CONF_PATH
                 );
              $privkey = openssl_pkey_new();
              $csr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $privkey, $config);
              $sscert = openssl_csr_sign($csr, null, $privkey, OPEN_SSL_CERT_DAYS_VALID, $config);
              openssl_x509_export($sscert, $this->publickey);
              openssl_pkey_export($privkey, $this->privatekey, OPEN_SSL_PASSPHRASE, $config);
              openssl_csr_export($csr, $this->csr);
       }
      
    }

    ?>
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    -3
    php ~at~ wwwcrm dot komm
    19 years ago
    If you want to use PHP for public / private key encryption jobs without needing to know the ins and outs of the Open SSL extension, the following may be of interest:

    http://www.karenandalex.com/php_stuff/_class_OpenSSL.phps

    This class was unavailable for a long while (server problems) but is now back up. Apologies to those who clicked through and got a 404

    I hope it is useful to you...

    Alex
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    -3
    beckman at purplecow dot com
    19 years ago
    FreeBSD Ports tree php5-openssl uses openssl-0.9.8a.  This is a problem, as if you install these two ports and attempt to open an HTTPS URL within PHP, it will fail with this error from openssl_error_string(): error:140A90A1:SSL routines:func(169):reason(161) which is SSL_R_LIBRARY_HAS_NO_CIPHERS or "library has no ciphers"

    This is because the openssl library now requires you to load your ciphers manually -- all ciphers are not automatically loaded for you.

    I don't believe the php5-openssl module has been updated to do this before opening an SSL connection (as of 5.0.5).

    Using openssl-0.9.7i seems to work; symlinking libcrypto.so.3 to libcrypto.so.4 prevents the php5-openssl port from trying to install openssl-0.9.8a.  So install openssl-stable (0.9.7i) from ports first, symlink 2nd, then install php5-openssl 3rd, and you should be OK.
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