Here's how to convert romaji to katakana/hiragana with PHP (transliterating Japanese text).
The function Romaji2Kana($s) will return with keys 'hira' and 'kata' that respectively contain the hiragana and katakana versions of the given string in UTF-8 encoding.
<?php
// eucjp: 2421; unicode: 3041
define('HIRATABLE', 'a A i I u U e E o O KAGAKIGIKUGUKEGEKOGOSAZASIZISUZUSEZESOZO'.
'TADATIDItuTUDUTEDETODONANINUNENOHABAPAHIBIPIHUBUPUHEBEPEHOBOPO'.
'MAMIMUMEMOyaYAyuYUyoYORARIRUREROwaWAWIWEWOn ');
// eucjp: 2521; unicode: 30A1
define('KATATABLE', 'a A i I u U e E o O KAGAKIGIKUGUKEGEKOGOSAZASIZISUZUSEZESOZO'.
'TADATIDItuTUDUTEDETODONANINUNENOHABAPAHIBIPIHUBUPUHEBEPEHOBOPO'.
'MAMIMUMEMOyaYAyuYUyoYORARIRUREROwaWAWIWEWOn VUkake');
function HiraTrans($s)
{
#print "trans('$s')\n";
$pos = strpos(HIRATABLE, $s);
if($pos===false) return 0xA1BC; // ^
return 0xA4A1 + $pos/2;
}
function KataTrans($s)
{
$pos = strpos(KATATABLE, $s);
if($pos===false) return 0xA1BC; // ^
return 0xA5A1 + $pos/2;
}
function Romaji2Kana($s)
{
$s = strtoupper(str_replace(
Array('shi', 'sh', 'fu', 'chi', 'ch', 'tsu', 'dz', 'l', '-',
'â', 'î', 'û', 'ê', 'ô', 'ā', 'ī', 'ū', 'ē', 'ō'),
Array('si', 'sy', 'hu', 'ti', 'ty', 'tu', 'j', 'r', '^',
'a^', 'i^', 'u^', 'e^', 'o^', 'a^', 'i^', 'u^', 'e^', 'o^'),
$s));
// FO -> FUxo
$s = preg_replace('@F([AIOE])@e', '"HU".strtolower("\1")', $s);
// VO -> VUxo
$s = preg_replace('@V([AIUEO])@e', '"VU".strtolower("\1")', $s);
// KYA -> KYya
$s = preg_replace('@([KSTNHMRGZBPD])Y([AUO])@e', '"\1Iy".strtolower("\2")', $s);
// XTU -> tu (make them actually small)
$s = preg_replace('@X(TU|Y[AUO]|[AIUEO]|KA|KE)@e', 'strtolower("\1")', $s);
// KKO -> tuKO
$s = preg_replace('@([KSTHMRYWGZBPDV]{2,})@e',
'str_pad("",2*strlen("\1")-2,"tu").substr("\1",0,1)', $s);
// N -> n (but not NO -> nO)
// At this point, N' will work correctly
$s = preg_replace('@N(?![AIUEO])@', 'n', $s);
// Unrecognized characters off
$s = eregi_replace('[^^VAIUEOKSTNHMYRWGZBPD]', '', $s);
$pat = '@([AIUEOnaiueo^]|..)@e';
$rec = 'EUCJP..UTF8';
return
Array('hira' => recode_string($rec,preg_replace($pat, 'pack("n", HiraTrans("\1"))', $s)),
'kata' => recode_string($rec,preg_replace($pat, 'pack("n", KataTrans("\1"))', $s)));
}
print_r( Romaji2Kana('konnichiha') );
?>
Note: Due to technical limitations in the manual pages, there are two errors in this code:
- Some characters in the first str_replace may appear wrong in some php.net mirrors. It supposed to contain aiueo with circumflex and aiueo with macron.
- The strings in the defines should be constant, not appendage expressions. (Line length limitation)
-Joel Yliluoma
recode_string
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7 < 7.4.0)
recode_string — Recode a string according to a recode request
Description
Recode the string string according to
the recode request request.
Return Values
Returns the recoded string or false, if unable to
perform the recode request.
Examples
Example #1 Basic recode_string() example
<?php
echo recode_string("us..flat", "The following character has a diacritical mark: á");
?>Notes
A simple recode request may be "lat1..iso646-de".
See Also
- The GNU Recode documentation of your installation for detailed instructions about recode requests.
- mb_convert_encoding() - Convert a string from one character encoding to another
- UConverter::transcode() - Convert a string from one character encoding to another
- iconv() - Convert a string from one character encoding to another
add a note
User Contributed Notes 4 notes
bisqwit at iki dot fi ¶
18 years ago
jazfresh at spam-javelin.hotmail.com ¶
21 years ago
I came across a bug (and workaround) when using recode_string. When converting from utf-8 to iso-2022-jp, it would always return an empty string (although it would work fine for conversions from html to utf8). Converting with recode on the command line worked fine, which was odd. I noticed that if I specified "-v" on the command line, recode stated that it was using libiconv to do the conversion.
Using "iconv" instead of recode got the right results.
i.e.
Works:
$str = recode_string("html..utf-8", "日本語"); // Unicode for "Japanese"
Doesn't work:
$str = recode_string("utf-8..iso-2022-jp", $mystring);
Works:
$str = iconv("utf-8", "iso-2022-jp", $mystring);
Don't ask me why. Hope this saves someone some frustrating hours debugging.
msimonc at yahoo dot com ¶
16 years ago
Seems to require that librecode be installed.
Try iconv() instead.
mori at homoeopathy dot co dot jp ¶
10 years ago
function Romaji2Kana works pretty good but few exception: "JA" and "DZA" were not converted correctly as Japanese speekes expected. Following is a correction of that behavior.
public function convert($s, $mode='hiragana')
{
$s = strtoupper(str_replace(
- Array('shi', 'sh', 'fu', 'chi', 'ch', 'tsu', 'dz', 'l', '-',
+ Array('shi', 'sh', 'fu', 'chi', 'ch', 'tsu', 'dzi', 'ji', 'j', 'l', '-',
'â', 'î', 'û', 'ê', 'ô', 'ā', 'ī', 'ū', 'ē', 'ō'),
- Array('si', 'sy', 'hu', 'ti', 'ty', 'tu', 'j', 'r', '^',
+ Array('si', 'sy', 'hu', 'ti', 'ty', 'tu', 'zi', 'zi', 'dz','r', '^',
'a^', 'i^', 'u^', 'e^', 'o^', 'a^', 'i^', 'u^', 'e^', 'o^'),
$s));
+ // DZA -> ZIya
+ $s = preg_replace('/DZ([AUO])/e', '"ZI".strtolower("y\1")', $s);
+ // DZE -> ZIe
+ $s = preg_replace('/DZ([E])/e', '"ZI".strtolower("\1")', $s);
// FO -> FUxo
$s = preg_replace('@F([AIOE])@e', '"HU".strtolower("\1")', $s);
// VO -> VUxo
