array_rand

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

array_rand — Seleccionar una o más claves aleatorias de un array

Descripción

array_rand(array $array, int $num = 1): mixed

Selecciona uno o más valores aleatorios de un array y devuelve la clave (o claves) de dichos valores aleatorios. Utiliza un generador de números seudoaleatorios que no es apto para fines criptográficos.

Parámetros

array: El array de entrada.
num: Especifica cuántas entradas deberían seleccionarse.

Valores devueltos

Al seleccionar solamente una entrada, array_rand() devolverá la clave para una entrada aleatoria. De lo contrario, devolverá un array con las claves de las entradas aleatorias. Esto se realiza de tal manera que se pueden seleccionar del array tanto claves como valores aleatorios. Intentar seleccionar más elementos de los que hay en el array resultará en un error de nivel E_WARNING, devolviendo NULL .

Historial de cambios

Versión	Descripción
7.1.0	El algoritmo de aleatorización interno se ha cambiado para usar el generador de números aleatorios » Mersenne Twister en lugar de la función libc rand.
5.2.10	El array de claves resultante ya no se mezcla.

Ejemplos

Ejemplo #1 Ejemplo de array_rand()

<?php
$entrada = array("Neo", "Morpheus", "Trinity", "Cypher", "Tank");
$claves_aleatorias = array_rand($entrada, 2);
echo $entrada[$claves_aleatorias[0]] . "\n";
echo $entrada[$claves_aleatorias[1]] . "\n";
?>

Ver también

shuffle() - Mezcla un array

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User Contributed Notes 7 notes

down

Anonymous ¶

15 years ago


If the array elements are unique, and are all integers or strings, here is a simple way to pick $n random *values* (not keys) from an array $array:



<?php array_rand(array_flip($array), $n); ?>

down

Anonymous ¶

12 years ago


It doesn't explicitly say it in the documentation, but PHP won't pick the same key twice in one call.

down

grzeniufication ¶

6 years ago


<?php

/**
 * Wraps array_rand call with additional checks
 *
 * TLDR; not so radom as you'd wish.
 *
 * NOTICE: the closer you get to the input arrays length, for the n parameter, the  output gets less random.
 * e.g.: array_random($a, count($a)) == $a will yield true
 * This, most certainly, has to do with the method used for making the array random (see other comments).
 *
 * @throws OutOfBoundsException – if n less than one or exceeds size of input array
 *
 * @param array $array – array to randomize
 * @param int $n – how many elements to return
 * @return array
 */
function array_random(array $array, int $n = 1): array
{
    if ($n < 1 || $n > count($array)) {
        throw new OutOfBoundsException();
    }

    return ($n !== 1)
        ? array_values(array_intersect_key($array, array_flip(array_rand($array, $n))))
        : array($array[array_rand($array)]);
}

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grzeniufication ¶

6 years ago


<?php
// An example how to fetch multiple values from array_rand
$a = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g' ];
$n = 3;

// If you want to fetch multiple values you can try this:
print_r( array_intersect_key( $a, array_flip( array_rand( $a, $n ) ) ) );

// If you want to re-index keys wrap the call in 'array_values':
print_r( array_values( array_intersect_key( $a, array_flip( array_rand( $a, $n ) ) ) ) );

down

fulachan2 at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago


array_rand () takes a random value without ever being able to go back in its choice of random value.
A simple example:
I decide to mix an array of 10 entries to retrieve 3 values. This choice will give increasing and random values.

    $myarray = range(1,10);
    
    $pm = array_rand($myarray,3);      
    // $pm return array(0->0,1->6,2->8)

But if I decide to shuffle an array of 10 entries to get 10 entries, array_rand () will choose to assign a value to each return value and therefore the return array will not be random.

    $gm = array_rand($myarray,count($myarray)); 
    // $gm not random array(0->0,1->1,2->2,3->3,4->4,5->5,6->6,7->7,8->8,9->9)

The easiest way to have a truly random value:
either use array_rand () in a loop of 1 value at a time

$deg = range(-60,60);
$size = range(16,64);
$color = ["blue","red","green","pink","orange","purple","grey","darkgreen","darkkhaki"];
$i = 0;
$longueur = 10;
do{
    ++$i;
    printf("<span style='transform: rotateZ(%ddeg); display: inline-block;font-size: %spx; color:%s'>%s</span>",
        $deg[array_rand($deg)],
        $size[array_rand($size)],
        $color[array_rand($color)],
        $alnum[array_rand($alnum)]);

}while($i < $longueur);

------------------
or simply use shuffle () to shuffle the array really randomly.

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divinity76+spam at gmail dot com ¶

2 years ago


for a cryptographically secure version, try 

<?php

/**
 * fetch a random key from array, using a cryptograpically secure rng
 * discussed+reviewed at https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/275832/cryptographically-secure-version-of-the-core-array-rand-function/
 *
 * @param array $array
 * @throws ValueError if array is empty
 * @return int|string key
 */
function array_rand_cryptographically_secure(array $array)/*: int|string*/ {
    $max = count ( $array ) - 1;
    if ($max < 0) {
        throw new ValueError ( 'Argument #1 ($array) cannot be empty' );
    }
    return key ( array_slice ( $array, random_int ( 0, $max ), 1, true ) );
}

$tests = [
        [5, 6, 7],
        ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3],
        ['zero', 4 => 'four', 9 => 'nine'],
        ["PEAN"=>0],
        []
];
foreach ($tests as $test) {
    echo array_rand_cryptographically_secure($test) . "\n";
}

?> 
(this is an improved version, which unlike the first version, avoids copying *all* the keys)

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-8

Vitaly ¶

3 years ago


Generate random index in weights array.
Implementation of Vose's Alias Method.

<?php
class AliasMethod
{
    protected $count;
    protected $prob;
    protected $alias;

    public function __construct($weight)
    {
        $count = count($weight);
        $sum = array_sum($weight);
        $d = $count / $sum;
        $small = [];
        $large = [];

        foreach ($weight as $i => & $w) {
            if ( ($w *= $d) < 1)
                $small[] = $i;
            else
                $large[] = $i;
        }
        unset($w);

        $prob = [];
        $alias = [];

        while (!empty($small) AND !empty($large)) {
            $l = array_pop($small);
            $g = array_pop($large);
            $prob[$l] = $weight[$l];
            $alias[$l] = $g;

            if ( ($weight[$g] += $weight[$l] - 1) < 1)
                $small[] = $g;
            else
                $large[] = $g;
        }

        foreach ($large as $i)
            $prob[$i] = 1;

        foreach ($small as $i)
            $prob[$i] = 1;

        $this->prob = $prob;
        $this->alias = $alias;
        $this->count = $count;

    }

    public function next(): int
    {
        $i = mt_rand(0, $this->count - 1);
        if (mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax() <= $this->prob[$i])
            return $i;
        else
            return $this->alias[$i];
    }
}

// Usage:

$weight = [1, 2, 1, 1, 100, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1];
$rnd = new AliasMethod($weight);

$results = array_fill(0, count($weight), 0);

for($i = 0; $i < 100000; ++$i) {
    $results[$rnd->next()]++;
}
print_r($results);

/*
 Array
(
    [0] => 901
    [1] => 1785
    [2] => 899
    [3] => 907
    [4] => 87655
    [5] => 867
    [6] => 836
    [7] => 4371
    [8] => 910
    [9] => 869
)
 */

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