Here is a function that compares two HEX colors for similarity. This can be useful if you want to detect colors that are not different enough to see for the naked eye. It returns a bool: TRUE if the colors are similar to each other (within tolerance) or FALSE if they are different enough.
I tested a few colors and came up with a tolerance of 35 (rgb value - should be between 0 and 255) but you can change that tolerance by passing a third parameter to the function.
<?php
function compareColors ($col1, $col2, $tolerance=35) {
$col1Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col1, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col1, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col1, 4, 2))
);
$col2Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col2, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col2, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col2, 4, 2))
);
return ($col1Rgb['r'] >= $col2Rgb['r'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['r'] <= $col2Rgb['r'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['g'] >= $col2Rgb['g'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['g'] <= $col2Rgb['g'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['b'] >= $col2Rgb['b'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['b'] <= $col2Rgb['b'] + $tolerance);
}
?>
imagecolorclosest
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
imagecolorclosest — Retourne l'index de la couleur la plus proche d'une couleur donnée
Description
Retourne l'index de la couleur de la palette qui est la plus proche de la valeur RGB passée.
La "distance" entre la couleur souhaitée et les couleurs de la palette est calculée en considérant l'espace RGB comme un espace à 3 dimensions.
Si vous créez l'image depuis un fichier, seules les couleurs utilisées dans l'image seront résolues. Les couleurs uniquement présentes dans la palette ne le seront pas.
Liste de paramètres
-
image -
Un objet GdImage, retournée par une des fonctions de création d'images, comme imagecreatetruecolor().
-
red -
Valeur du composant rouge.
-
green -
Valeur du composant vert.
-
blue -
Valeur du composant bleu.
Valeurs de retour
Retourne l'index de la couleur la plus proche, dans la palette de l'image, de celle donnée.
Historique
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 |
image attend une instance de GdImage désormais;
auparavant, une resource gd était attendue.
|
Exemples
Exemple #1 Recherche d'un jeu de couleur dans une image
<?php
// On commence avec une image et on la convertit en une image à palette
$im = imagecreatefrompng('figures/imagecolorclosest.png');
imagetruecolortopalette($im, false, 255);
// Couleurs recherchées (RVB)
$colors = array(
array(254, 145, 154),
array(153, 145, 188),
array(153, 90, 145),
array(255, 137, 92)
);
// On boucle sur chaque recherche et on trouve la couleur de la palette la plus proche.
// Retourne le numéro de la recherche, le RVB cherché et la correspondance en RVB
foreach($colors as $id => $rgb)
{
$result = imagecolorclosest($im, $rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]);
$result = imagecolorsforindex($im, $result);
$result = "({$result['red']}, {$result['green']}, {$result['blue']})";
echo "#$id: Recherche ($rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]); Correspondance : $result.\n";
}
imagedestroy($im);
?>Résultat de l'exemple ci-dessus est similaire à :
#0: Recherche (254, 145, 154); Correspondance : (252, 150, 148). #1: Recherche (153, 145, 188); Correspondance : (148, 150, 196). #2: Recherche (153, 90, 145); Correspondance : (148, 90, 156). #3: Recherche (255, 137, 92); Correspondance : (252, 150, 92).
Voir aussi
- imagecolorexact() - Retourne l'index de la couleur donnée
- imagecolorclosestalpha() - Retourne la couleur la plus proche, en tenant compte du canal alpha
- imagecolorclosesthwb() - Lit l'index de la couleur spécifiée avec sa teinte, blanc et noir
add a note
User Contributed Notes 4 notes
info at codeworx dot ch ¶
13 years ago
Hayley Watson ¶
7 years ago
RGB space isn't the best choice for measuring the distance between two colours, since it ignores, for example, the fact that we count both dark green and light green as "green" (the RGB distance between #000000 and #7f7f7f is the same as the distance between #000000 and #5443c0 - a slightly darkened SlateBlue).
A better choice of colour space that conforms better to how colours are perceived is the so-called Lab space, which measures colours according to how light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue they are. (There are still better models, but they come at the expense of increased computation.)
<?php
function warp1($c)
{
if($c > 10.3148)
{
return pow((561 + 40*$c)/10761, 2.4);
}
else
{
return $c / 3294.6;
}
}
function warp2($c)
{
if($c > 0.008856)
{
return pow($c, 1/3);
}
else
{
return 7.787 * $c + 4/29;
}
}
function rgb2lab($rgb)
{
[$red, $green, $blue] = array_map('warp1', $rgb);
$x = warp2($red * 0.4339 + $green * 0.3762 + $blue * 0.1899);
$y = warp2($red * 0.2126 + $green * 0.7152 + $blue * 0.0722);
$z = warp2($red * 0.0178 + $green * 0.1098 + $blue * 0.8730);
$l = 116*$y - 16;
$a = 500 * ($x - $y);
$b = 200 * ($y - $z);
return array_map('intval', [$l, $a, $b]);
}
function generate_palette_from_image($image)
{
$pal = [];
$width = imagesx($image);
$height = imagesy($image);
for($x = 0; $x < $width; ++$x)
{
for($y = 0; $y < $height; ++$y)
{
$pal[] = imagecolorat($image, $x, $y);
}
}
return array_map(function($col)use($image)
{
$rgba = imagecolorsforindex($image, $col);
return [$rgba['red'], $rgba['green'], $rgba['blue']];
}, array_unique($pal));
}
function closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)
{
// Quick return when the exact
// colour is in the palette.
if(($idx = array_search($rgb, $palette)) !== false)
{
return $idx;
}
[$tl, $ta, $tb] = rgb2lab($rgb);
$dists = array_map(function($plab)use($tl, $ta, $tb)
{
[$pl, $pa, $pb] = $plab;
$dl = $pl - $tl;
$da = $pa - $ta;
$db = $pa - $tb;
return $dl * $dl + $da * $da + $db * $db;
}, array_map('rgb2lab', $palette));
return array_search(min($dists), $dists);
}
function closest_rgb_in_image($rgb, $image)
{
$palette = generate_palette_from_image($image);
return $palette[closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)];
}
$lena = imagecreatefrompng('lena.png');
$red = closest_rgb_in_image([255,0,0],$lena);
echo join(' ', $red); // 228 71 82
?>
If you're going to be matching a lot of colours to a palette, you may want to precompute and reuse the Lab palette, instead of generating it fresh each time as done here.
MagicalTux at FF dot st ¶
19 years ago
A way to get each time an answer :
<?php
function imagegetcolor($im, $r, $g, $b) {
$c=imagecolorexact($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
$c=imagecolorallocate($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
return imagecolorclosest($im, $r, $g, $b);
}
?>
If the *exact* color is found in the image, it will be returned. If we don't have the exact color, we try to allocate it. If we can't allocate it, we return the closest color in the image.
Vikrant Korde <vakorde at hotmail dot com> ¶
21 years ago
This functuion is useful when you are dealing with previously present images like .png, .jpg, etc. You can use this function for writing a text on the image.
For me the function imagecolorallocate() was returning the -1 value. after lot of RnD and site search i found a function use of imagecolorclosest(). This solved my problem of writing the text on the image with customised color.
Actually previously it was writing on the image but the color was not distinct. It was using the same color as of that background image.
The following code segment was fine with me.
header ("Content-type: image/jpeg");
$im = imagecreatefromjpeg("BlankButton.jpg");
$white = imageColorClosest($im, 255,255,255);
// this is for TTF fonts
imagettftext ($im, 20, 0, 16, 30, $white, "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/luximb.ttf", "Vikrant");
//this is for notmal font
imagestring($im, 4, 0,0,"Korde", $white);
imagejpeg($im,"",150);
imagedestroy ($im);
