PDOStatement::bindParam

(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL pdo >= 0.1.0)

PDOStatement::bindParam — Lie un paramètre à un nom de variable spécifique

Description

public PDOStatement::bindParam(
    string|int $param,
    mixed &$var,
    int $type = PDO::PARAM_STR,
    int $maxLength = 0,
    mixed $driverOptions = null
): bool

Lie une variable PHP à un marqueur nommé ou interrogatif correspondant dans une requête SQL utilisée pour préparer la requête. Contrairement à PDOStatement::bindValue(), la variable est liée en tant que référence et ne sera évaluée qu'au moment de l'appel à la fonction PDOStatement::execute().

La plupart des paramètres sont des paramètres d'entrées, et sont utilisés en lecture seule pour construire la requête (mais peuvent néanmoins être transtypé en fonction de data_type). Quelques drivers supportent l'invocation de procédures stockées qui retournent des données en tant que paramètres de sortie, et quelques autres en tant que paramètres entrées / sorties qui sont envoyés ensemble et sont mis à jour pour les recevoir.

Liste de paramètres

param: Identifiant. Pour une requête préparée utilisant des marqueurs nommés, ce sera le nom du paramètre sous la forme :name. Pour une requête préparée utilisant les marqueurs interrogatifs, ce sera la position indexée +1 du paramètre.
var: Nom de la variable PHP à lier au paramètre de la requête SQL.
type: Type explicite de données pour le paramètre utilisant les constantes PDO::PARAM_*. Pour retourner un paramètre INOUT depuis une procédure stockée, utilisez l'opérateur OR pour définir l'octet PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT pour le paramètre type.
maxLength: Longueur du type de données. Pour indiquer qu'un paramètre est un paramètre OUT depuis une procédure stockée, vous devez explicitement définir la longueur. Significatif uniquement lorsque le paramètre type est PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT.
driverOptions

Valeurs de retour

Cette fonction retourne true en cas de succès ou false si une erreur survient.

Erreurs / Exceptions

Émet une erreur de niveau E_WARNING si l'attribut PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE est défini à PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING.

Lève une exception PDOException si l'attribut PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE est défini à PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION.

Exemples

Exemple #1 Exécution d'une requête préparée avec des emplacements nommés

<?php
/* Exécution d'une requête préparée en liant des variables PHP */
$calories = 150;
$couleur = 'rouge';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT nom, couleur, calories
    FROM fruit
    WHERE calories < :calories AND couleur = :couleur');
$sth->bindParam('calories', $calories, PDO::PARAM_INT);
/* Les noms peuvent aussi être préfixés par des deux-points ":" (facultatif) */
$sth->bindParam(':couleur', $couleur, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$sth->execute();
?>

Exemple #2 Exécution d'une requête préparée avec des marqueurs de positionnement

<?php
/* Exécution d'une requête préparée en liant des variables PHP */
$calories = 150;
$couleur = 'rouge';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT nom, couleur, calories
    FROM fruit
    WHERE calories < ? AND couleur = ?');
$sth->bindParam(1, $calories, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$sth->bindParam(2, $couleur, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$sth->execute();
?>

Exemple #3 Appel une procédure stockée avec un paramètre INOUT

<?php
/* Appel une procédure stockée avec un paramètre INOUT */
$couleur = 'rouge';
$sth = $dbh->prepare('CALL puree_fruit(?)');
$sth->bindParam(1, $couleur, PDO::PARAM_STR|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT, 12);
$sth->execute();
print "Après avoir pressé le fruit, la couleur est : $couleur";
?>

Voir aussi

PDO::prepare() - Prépare une requête à l'exécution et retourne un objet
PDOStatement::execute() - Exécute une requête préparée
PDOStatement::bindValue() - Associe une valeur à un paramètre

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User Contributed Notes 26 notes

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243

atrandafirc at yahoo dot com ¶

14 years ago


I know this has been said before but I'll write a note on it too because I think it's important to keep in mind:

If you use PDO bindParam to do a search with a LIKE condition you cannot put the percentages and quotes to the param placeholder '%:keyword%'.

This is WRONG:
"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `firstname` LIKE '%:keyword%'";

The CORRECT solution is to leave clean the placeholder like this:
"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `firstname` LIKE :keyword";

And then add the percentages to the php variable where you store the keyword:
$keyword = "%".$keyword."%";

And finally the quotes will be automatically added by PDO when executing the query so you don't have to worry about them.

So the full example would be:
<?php
// Get the keyword from query string
$keyword = $_GET['keyword'];
// Prepare the command
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `firstname` LIKE :keyword');
// Put the percentage sing on the keyword
$keyword = "%".$keyword."%";
// Bind the parameter
$sth->bindParam(':keyword', $keyword, PDO::PARAM_STR);
?>

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174

Vili ¶

14 years ago


This works ($val by reference):
<?php
foreach ($params as $key => &$val) {
    $sth->bindParam($key, $val);
}
?>

This will fail ($val by value, because bindParam needs &$variable):
<?php
foreach ($params as $key => $val) {
    $sth->bindParam($key, $val);
}
?>

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Steve M ¶

15 years ago


Note that when using PDOStatement::bindParam an integer is changed to a string value upon PDOStatement::execute(). (Tested with MySQL). 

This can cause problems when trying to compare values using the === operator.

Example:
<?php
$active = 1;
var_dump($active);
$ps->bindParam(":active", $active, PDO::PARAM_INT);
var_dump($active);
$ps->execute();
var_dump($active);
if ($active === 1) {
    // do something here
    // note: this will fail since $active is now "1"
}
?>

results in:
int(1) 
int(1) 
string(1) "1"

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dhammari at q90 dot com ¶

15 years ago


There seems to be some confusion about whether you can bind a single value to multiple identical placeholders. For example:

$sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE is_admin = :myValue AND is_deleted = :myValue ";

$params = array("myValue" => "0");

Some users have reported that attempting to bind a single parameter to multiple placeholders yields a parameter mismatch error in PHP version 5.2.0 and earlier. Starting with version 5.2.1, however, this seems to work just fine.

For details, see bug report 40417:
http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=40417

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pegas1981 at yandex dot ru ¶

10 years ago


http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff628166(v=sql.105).aspx

When binding null data to server columns of type varbinary, binary, or varbinary(max) you should specify binary encoding (PDO::SQLSRV_ENCODING_BINARY) using the $driver_options. See Constants for more information about encoding constants.
Support for PDO was added in version 2.0 of the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server.

 <?php
$db = new PDO('sqlsrv:server=SQLSERVERNAME;Database=own_exchange', 'user', 'password');
$sql = "INSERT INTO dbo.files(file_name, file_source) VALUES(:file_name, :file_source)";
$stmt = $db->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindParam(":file_name", $files->name, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(":file_source", file_get_contents($files->tempName), PDO::PARAM_LOB, 0, PDO::SQLSRV_ENCODING_BINARY);
$stmt->execute();
?>

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khkiley at adamsautomation dot com ¶

12 years ago


SQL Server 2008 R2



If this was in the documentation, I didn't stumble across it. When using bound output parameters with a stored procedure, the output parameters are updated AFTER the LAST rowset has been processed.



If your stored procedure does not return any rowsets (no SELECT statements) then you are set, your output parameters will be ready as soon as the stored procedure is processed.



Otherwise you need to process the rows, and then:

<?php $stmt->nextRowset(); ?>



Once that is done for each returning rowset you will have access to the output parameters.

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cyrylas at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago


Please note, that PDO format numbers according to current locale. So if, locale set number format to something else, that standard that query WILL NOT work properly.

For example:
in Polish locale (pl_PL) proper decimal separator is coma (","), so: 123,45, not 123.45. If we try bind 123.45 to the query, we will end up with coma in the query.

<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pl_PL');
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name FROM products WHERE price < :price');
$sth->bindParam(':price', 123.45, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$sth->execute();
// result:
// SELECT name FROM products WHERE price < '123,45';
?>

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Filofox ¶

18 years ago


Do not try to use the same named parameter twice in a single SQL statement, for example



<?php

$sql = 'SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE  some_value > :value OR some_value < :value';

$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);

$stmt->execute( array( ':value' => 3 ) );

?>



...this will return no rows and no error -- you must use each parameter once and only once. Apparently this is expected behavior (according to this bug report: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=33886)  because of portability issues.

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jeffwa+php at gmail dot com ¶

17 years ago


Took me forever to find this elsewhere in the notes in the manual, so I'd thought I'd put this tidbit here to help others in the future.

When using a LIKE search in MySQL along with a prepared statement, the *value* must have the appropriate parentheses attached before the bindParam() statement as such:

<?php
$dbc = $GLOBALS['dbc'];
$sql = "SELECT * FROM `tbl_name` WHERE tbl_col LIKE ?";
$stmt = $dbc->prepare($sql);

$value = "%{$value}%";
$stmt->bindParam($i, $value, PDO::PARAM_STR);
?>

Trying to use
<?php
$stmt->bindParam($i, "%{$value}%", PDO::PARAM_STR);
?>

will fail.

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Anonymous ¶

18 years ago


A caution for those using bindParam() on a placeholder in a 

LIKE '%...%' clause, the following code will likely not work:



<?php

$q = "SELECT id, name FROM test WHERE name like '%:foo%'";

$s = "carrot";

$sth = $dbh->prepare($q);

$sth->bindParam(':foo', $s);

$sth->execute();

?>



What is needed is something like the following:



<?php

$s = "%$s%";

$sth->bindParam(':foo', $s);

?>



This should work. Tested against mysql 4.1, PHP 5.1.3.

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Mike Robinson ¶

11 years ago


Note that with bindParam the second parameter is passed by reference. This means that the following will produce a warning if E_STRICT is enabled:

<?php
$stmt->bindParam('type', $object->getType());

// Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in /path/to/file.php on line 123
?>

If the second parameter is not an actual variable, either set the result of $object->getType(); to a variable and use that variable in bindParam or use bindValue instead.

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heather dot begazo at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


The documentation says this about the length parameter for bindParam:  

"To indicate that a parameter is an OUT parameter from a stored procedure, you must explicitly set the length. "

For db2, I found that setting the length for the "INPUT_OUTPUT" parameters causes a problem for varchar parameters that are input parameters.  The problem I found is that the stored procedure was called, but varchar input parameters were set to null inside my stored procedure and as a result, the stored procedure could not work properly.  

Here is the signature for my stored procedure:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MY_SCHEMA_NAME.MY_STORED_PROCEDURE_NAME ( IN RUN_ID INTEGER,IN V_SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(128),
  OUT out_rc INTEGER,OUT out_err_message VARCHAR(100),OUT out_sqlstate CHAR(5) ,OUT out_sqlcode INT)

Here is the php code that works:

$command = "Call MY_SCHEMA_NAME.MY_STORED_PROCEDURE_NAME (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
$stmt = $this->GuestDb->prepare($command);
$stmt->bindParam(1, $RUN_ID, PDO::PARAM_INT); 
$stmt->bindParam(2, $V_SCHEMA_NAME, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(3, $V_TABNAME, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindParam(4, $out_rc, PDO::PARAM_INT|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT);
$stmt->bindParam(5, $out_err_message, PDO::PARAM_STR|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT);
$stmt->bindParam(6, $out_sqlstate, PDO::PARAM_STR|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT);
$stmt->bindParam(7, $out_sqlcode, PDO::PARAM_INT|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT);

Here is the php code that does not work:

$command = "Call MY_SCHEMA_NAME.MY_STORED_PROCEDURE_NAME (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
$stmt = $this->GuestDb->prepare($command);
$stmt->bindParam(1, $RUN_ID, PDO::PARAM_INT,12); 
$stmt->bindParam(2, $V_SCHEMA_NAME, PDO::PARAM_STR,128);
$stmt->bindParam(3, $V_TABNAME, PDO::PARAM_STR,100);
$stmt->bindParam(4, $out_rc, PDO::PARAM_INT|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT,12);
$stmt->bindParam(5, $out_err_message, PDO::PARAM_STR|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT,100);
$stmt->bindParam(6, $out_sqlstate, PDO::PARAM_STR|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT,6);
$stmt->bindParam(7, $out_sqlcode, PDO::PARAM_INT|PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT,12);

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gilhildebrand at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


MySQL will return an error if a named placeholder has a hyphen in it:
UPDATE wardrobe SET `T-Shirt`=:T-SHIRT WHERE id=:id

Will return the following error: PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined'

To resolve, just remove hyphens from named placeholders:
UPDATE wardrobe SET `T-Shirt`=:TSHIRT WHERE id=:id

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geompse at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago


if you are storing files (or binary data), using PARAM_LOB (and moreover trying to do this with Oracle), don't miss this page :

http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.lobs.php

You will there notice that PDO-PGSQL and PDO-OCI don't work the same at all : not the same argument nor the same behaviour.

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willie at spenlen dot com ¶

17 years ago


If you're using the MySQL driver and have a stored procedure with an OUT or INOUT parameter, you can't (currently) use bindValue(). See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=35935 for a workaround.

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Ofir Attia ¶

10 years ago


/*
   method for pdo class connection, you can add your cases by    yourself and use it.
*/
class Conn{
....
....
private $stmt;
public function bind($parameter, $value, $var_type = null){
        if (is_null($var_type)) {
            switch (true) {
                               case is_bool($value):
                    $var_type = PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
                    break;
                case is_int($value):
                    $var_type = PDO::PARAM_INT;
                    break;
                case is_null($value):
                    $var_type = PDO::PARAM_NULL;
                    break;
                default:
                    $var_type = PDO::PARAM_STR;
            }
        }
        $this->stmt->bindValue($parameter, $value, $var_type);
    }

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marco dot marsala at live dot it ¶

1 year ago


Examples doesn't highlight that this works as expected:

<?php
/* Execute a prepared statement by binding PHP variables */
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories
    FROM fruit
    WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour');
$sth->bindParam('calories', $calories, PDO::PARAM_INT);
/* Names can be prefixed with colons ":" too (optional) */
$sth->bindParam(':colour', $colour, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$calories = 150;
$colour = 'red';
$sth->execute();
?>

calories get set to 150 in db, colour get set to red in db, because, as documentation points out: "the variable is bound as a reference and will only be evaluated at the time that PDOStatement::execute() is called."

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jcastromail at yahoo dot es ¶

2 years ago


PHP 8.1 changed the way how this method works.

Now, the fourth method must not be null. It could be 0 (for an int) but it could not be null, otherwise, it will raise a deprecated warning.

old:
$sth->bindParam('calories', $calories, PDO::PARAM_INT);
new:
$sth->bindParam('calories', $calories, PDO::PARAM_INT,0);

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-1

weronika dot nowak dot code at gmail dot com ¶

2 years ago


🧨🧨🧨
<?php
$q = "SELECT id, name FROM test WHERE name like '%:foo%'";
$s = "carrot";
$sth = $dbh->prepare($q);
$sth->bindParam(':foo', $s);
$sth->execute();
?>

It's true, this ⬆ won't work but you can use concatenation ⬇:

<?php
$q = "SELECT id, name FROM test WHERE name like '%' || 
:foo || '%' ";
$s = "carrot";
$sth = $dbh->prepare($q);
$sth->bindParam(':foo', $s);
$sth->execute();
?>

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Ejaz Ansari ¶

8 years ago


For those who are confused on insert query using PDO-bindparam:

$sql = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO db_fruit (id, type, colour) VALUES (? ,? ,?)");

$sql->bindParam(1, $newId);
$sql->bindParam(2, $name);
$sql->bindParam(3, $colour);
$sql->execute();

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Vladimir Kovpak ¶

9 years ago


<?php
/**
 * Bind bit value:
 */

$sql = 'SELECT * FROM myTable WHERE level & ?';
$sth = \App::pdo()->prepare($sql);
$sth->bindValue(1, 0b0101, \PDO::PARAM_INT);
$sth->execute();
$result = $sth->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

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flannell ¶

12 years ago


Spent all day banging my head against a brick wall.



Tried to use INOUT or OUT and getting the return variable into PHP using Mysql v5.5.16 on XAMPP.



"MySQL doesn't supporting binding output parameters via its C API.  You must use SQL level variables:"



<?php

$stm = $db->prepare("CALL sp_mysp(:Name, :Email, @sp_result)");



$outputArray = $db->query("select @sp_result")->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

?>



So the 'workaround' for Mysql and PDO is to use two SQL calls.



Hope this helps someone.

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-7

luis dot nestesitio at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


Avoid to use a param with dot like ":table.column".
It will return a error 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined' in ...

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-2

Tristen Edwin ¶

6 years ago


Here's how to build a dynamic WHERE LIKE at run time when the user can submit n keywords

<?php

if (array_key_exists('storyPieces', $_POST)) {
    $story_pieces = explode(',' $_POST['storyPieces']);
        foreach($story_pieces as $piece) {
        if ($conditional_count == 0) {
            $where_clause .= 'story LIKE ? ';
            $conditional_count++;
       } else {
            $where_clause .= 'AND story LIKE ? ';
            $conditional_count++;
       }
       }
}

// then after you've prepared

if (isset($story_pieces)) {
    foreach($story_pieces as $key => &$piece) {
        $piece = "%" . $piece . "%";
        $sth->bindParam($key + 1, $piece, PDO::PARAM_STR);
    }
}

?>

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-15

ReK_ ¶

14 years ago


This confused me for some time because it is never explicitly mentioned, but PDO will automagically encapsulate parameters for you, so a prepared query that is manually escaped like so:

"INSERT INTO table (column) VALUES (':value');"

Will actually end up being double-quoted and can cause problems.

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-24

sergiy dot sokolenko at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago


Note that you cannot mix named and positional parameters in one query:

<?php
$stmt = $conn->prepare('SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE :name OR email LIKE ?');
$name = 'John%';
$email = 'john%';

$stmt->bindParam(':name', $name);
$stmt->bindParam(1, $email);

$stmt->execute();
?>

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: mixed named and positional parameters' in ...

Running PHP 5.3.2 on Linux x86-64

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