The MongoDB\Driver\Cursor class

(mongodb >=1.0.0)

Introduzione

The MongoDB\Driver\Cursor class encapsulates the results of a MongoDB command or query and may be returned by MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeCommand() or MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeQuery(), respectively.

Sommario della classe

final class MongoDB\Driver\Cursor implements MongoDB\Driver\CursorInterface, Iterator {

/* Metodi */

final private __construct()

public current(): array|object|null

final public getId(): MongoDB\Driver\CursorId

final public getServer(): MongoDB\Driver\Server

final public isDead(): bool

public key(): int

public next(): void

public rewind(): void

final public setTypeMap(array $typemap): void

final public toArray(): array

public valid(): bool

}

Log delle modifiche

Versione	Descrizione
PECL mongodb 1.9.0	Implements Iterator.
PECL mongodb 1.6.0	Implements MongoDB\Driver\CursorInterface, which extends Traversable.

Esempi

Example #1 Reading a result set

MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeCommand() and MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeQuery() both return their result(s) as a MongoDB\Driver\Cursor object. This object can be used to iterate over the result set of the command or query.

Because MongoDB\Driver\Cursor implements the Traversable interface, you can simply iterate over the result set with foreach.

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager();

/* Insert some documents so that our query returns information */
$bulkWrite = new MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite;
$bulkWrite->insert(['name' => 'Ceres', 'size' => 946, 'distance' => 2.766]);
$bulkWrite->insert(['name' => 'Vesta', 'size' => 525, 'distance' => 2.362]);
$manager->executeBulkWrite("test.asteroids", $bulkWrite);

/* Query for all the items in the collection */
$query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query( [] );

/* Query the "asteroids" collection of the "test" database */
$cursor = $manager->executeQuery("test.asteroids", $query);

/* $cursor now contains an object that wraps around the result set. Use
 * foreach() to iterate over all the result */
foreach($cursor as $document) {
    print_r($document);
}

?>

Il precedente esempio visualizzerà qualcosa simile a:

stdClass Object
(
    [_id] => MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId Object
        (
            [oid] => 5a4cff2f122d3321565d8cc2
        )

    [name] => Ceres
    [size] => 946
    [distance] => 2.766
)
stdClass Object
(
    [_id] => MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId Object
        (
            [oid] => 5a4cff2f122d3321565d8cc3
        )

    [name] => Vesta
    [size] => 525
    [distance] => 2.362
}

Example #2 Reading a result set for a tailable cursor

» Tailable cursors are a special type of MongoDB cursor that allows the client to read some results and then wait until more documents become available. These cursors are primarily used with » Capped Collections and » Change Streams.

While normal cursors can be iterated once with foreach, that approach will not work with tailable cursors. When foreach is used with a tailable cursor, the loop will stop upon reaching the end of the initial result set. Attempting to continue iteration on the cursor with a second foreach would throw an exception, since PHP attempts to rewind the cursor. Similar to result objects in other database drivers, cursors in MongoDB only support forward iteration, which means they cannot be rewound.

In order to continuously read from a tailable cursor, the Cursor object must be wrapped with an IteratorIterator. This allows the application to directly control the cursor's iteration, avoid inadvertently rewinding the cursor, and decide when to wait for new results or stop iteration entirely.

In order to demonstrate a tailable cursor in action, two scripts will be used: a "producer" and a "consumer". The producer script will create a new capped collection using the » create command and proceed to insert a new document into that collection each second.

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager;

$manager->executeCommand('test', new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    'create' => 'asteroids',
    'capped' => true,
    'size' => 1048576,
]));

while (true) {
    $bulkWrite = new MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite;
    $bulkWrite->insert(['createdAt' => new MongoDB\BSON\UTCDateTime]);
    $manager->executeBulkWrite('test.asteroids', $bulkWrite);

    sleep(1);
}

?>

With the producer script still running, a second consumer script may be executed to read the inserted documents using a tailable cursor, indicated by the tailable and awaitData options to MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct().

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager;

$query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query([], [
    'tailable' => true,
    'awaitData' => true,
]);

$cursor = $manager->executeQuery('test.asteroids', $query);

$iterator = new IteratorIterator($cursor);

$iterator->rewind();

while (true) {
    if ($iterator->valid()) {
        $document = $iterator->current();
        printf("Consumed document created at: %s\n", $document->createdAt);
    }

    $iterator->next();
}

?>

The consumer script will start by quickly printing all available documents in the capped collection (as if foreach had been used); however, it will not terminate upon reaching the end of the initial result set. Since the cursor is tailable, calling IteratorIterator::next() will block and wait for additional results. IteratorIterator::valid() is also used to check if there is actually data available to read at each step.

Nota: This example uses the awaitData query option to instruct the server to block for a short period (e.g. one second) at the end of the result set before returning a response to the driver. This is used to prevent the driver from aggressively polling the server when there are no results available. The maxAwaitTimeMS option may be used in conjunction with tailable and awaitData to specify the amount of time that the server should block when it reaches the end of the result set.

Errori/Eccezioni

When iterating over the cursor object, BSON data is converted into PHP variables. This iteration can cause the following Exceptions:

Throws MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException if a class in the type map cannot be instantiated or does not implement MongoDB\BSON\Unserializable.
Throws MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException if the input did not contain exactly one BSON document. Possible reasons include, but are not limited to, invalid BSON, extra data (after reading one BSON document), or an unexpected » libbson error.

Indice dei contenuti

MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::__construct — Create a new Cursor (not used)
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::current — Returns the current element
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::getId — Returns the ID for this cursor
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::getServer — Returns the server associated with this cursor
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::isDead — Checks if the cursor is exhausted or may have additional results
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::key — Returns the current result's index within the cursor
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::next — Advances the cursor to the next result
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::rewind — Rewind the cursor to the first result
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::setTypeMap — Sets a type map to use for BSON unserialization
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::toArray — Returns an array containing all results for this cursor
MongoDB\Driver\Cursor::valid — Checks if the current position in the cursor is valid

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User Contributed Notes 5 notes

down

max-p at max-p dot me ¶

8 years ago


As one might notice, this class does not implement a hasNext() or next() method as opposed to the now deprecated Mongo driver.

If, for any reason, you need to pull data from the cursor procedurally or otherwise need to override the behavior of foreach while iterating on the cursor, the SPL \IteratorIterator class can be used. When doing so, it is important to rewind the iterator before using it, otherwise you won't get any data back.

<?php
$cursor = $collection->find();
$it = new \IteratorIterator($cursor);
$it->rewind(); // Very important

while($doc = $it->current()) {
    var_dump($doc);
    $it->next();
}
?>

I used this trick to build a backward compatibility wrapper emulating the old Mongo driver in order to upgrade an older codebase.

down

tdrpic ¶

8 years ago


If you find that it would be easier to use arrays (instead of objects) for the returned documents, add the following after executing your query:

$cursor->setTypeMap(['root' => 'array', 'document' => 'array', 'array' => 'array']);

down

peichi40233 at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago


There used to be a count() method in the old mongo extension (http://docs.php.net/manual/en/mongocursor.count.php), however, this feature seems to be deleted in mongodb.

I've seen some people use executeCommand() to do that, but I found it much more earier to just use the toArray() method and count the returned array.

For example:
$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager();
$query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query($filter, $options);
$cursor = $manager->executeQuery('db.collection', $query)->toArray();
var_dump(count($cursor));

down

mikemartin2016 at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago


I noticed that  ->sort is missing from the cursor.  Seems like the old driver has more functionality.



[red.: The way how cursors are created is different between the drivers. In the old driver, the cursor would not be created until after the first rewind() call on the iterator.



In the new driver the cursor already exists. Because sort (and limit and skip) parameters need to be send to the server, they can not be called after the cursor already has been created.



You can use sort (and limit and skip) with the new driver as well, by specifying them as options to the Query as shown in this example: http://php.net/manual/en/mongodb-driver-query.construct.php#refsect1-mongodb-driver-query.construct-examples]

down

cg at papoo dot de ¶

3 years ago


Since php-mongodb version 1.9.0 Cursor implements Iterator, but if you need to support older versions too, you can conditionally wrap the cursor with IteratorIterator:

<?php
$iterator = $collection->find();

if (!($iterator implements Iterator)) {
  $iterator = new \IteratorIterator($iterator);
}
?>

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