Just a general usage note. I had a very difficult time solving a problem with my script, when I accidentally put one of these backticks at the beginning of a line, like so:
[lots of code]
` $URL = "blah...";
[more code]
Since the backtick is right above the tab key, I probably just fat-fingered it while indenting the code.
What made this so hard to find, was that PHP reported a parse error about 50 or so lines *below* the line containing the backtick. (There were no other backticks anywhere in my code.) And the error message was rather cryptic:
Parse error: parse error, expecting `T_STRING' or `T_VARIABLE' or `T_NUM_STRING' in /blah.php on line 446
Just something to file away in case you're pulling your hair out trying to find an error that "isn't there."
Operatori di esecuzione
PHP supporta un operatore di esecuzione: backticks (``). Si noti che non sono apostrofi o apici! PHP cercherà di eseguire il contenuto dei backticks come comando di shell; sarà restituito l'output (ovvero, non sarà semplicemente inviato all'output, ma potrà essere assegnato ad una variabile). L'uso dell'operatore backtick è identico alla funzione shell_exec().
<?php
$output = `ls -al`;
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";
?>Nota:
L'operatore backtick è disabilitato quando è disabilitata shell_exec().
Nota:
Diversamente da altri linguaggi, i backtick non hanno un significato speciale all'interno di stringhe delimitate da doppi apici.
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User Contributed Notes 3 notes
robert ¶
18 years ago
ohcc at 163 dot com ¶
8 years ago
You can use variables within a pair of backticks (``).
<?php
$host = 'www.wuxiancheng.cn';
echo `ping -n 3 {$host}`;
?>
paolo.bertani ¶
2 years ago
If you want to avoid situations like the one described by @robert you may want to disable `shell_exec` and -as a consequence- the backtick operator.
To do this just edit the `php.ini` file and add `shell_exec` to the `disable_functions` setting:
; This directive allows you to disable certain functions.
; It receives a comma-delimited list of function names.
; https://php.net/disable-functions
disable_functions = "shell_exec"
Then you can still use `exec()` to run terminal commands.
