The remark "in PHP the switch statement is considered a looping structure for the purposes of continue" near the top of this page threw me off, so I experimented a little using the following code to figure out what the exact semantics of continue inside a switch is:
<?php
for( $i = 0; $i < 3; ++ $i )
{
echo ' [', $i, '] ';
switch( $i )
{
case 0: echo 'zero'; break;
case 1: echo 'one' ; XXXX;
case 2: echo 'two' ; break;
}
echo ' <' , $i, '> ';
}
?>
For XXXX I filled in
- continue 1
- continue 2
- break 1
- break 2
and observed the different results. This made me come up with the following one-liner that describes the difference between break and continue:
continue resumes execution just before the closing curly bracket ( } ), and break resumes execution just after the closing curly bracket.
Corollary: since a switch is not (really) a looping structure, resuming execution just before a switch's closing curly bracket has the same effect as using a break statement. In the case of (for, while, do-while) loops, resuming execution just prior their closing curly brackets means that a new iteration is started --which is of course very unlike the behavior of a break statement.
In the one-liner above I ignored the existence of parameters to break/continue, but the one-liner is also valid when parameters are supplied.
continue
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
continue は、ループ構造において現在の繰り返しループ
の残りの処理をスキップし、条件式を評価した後に
次の繰り返しの最初から実行を続けるために使用されます、
注意: PHP では、
continueの動作に関しては switch 文がループ構造とみなされます。continueに引数を渡さなかった場合の動きはbreakと同じですが、間違いの元なので警告が生成されます。switchがループ内にある場合、continue 2とすると、外側のループの次回の処理から続行します。
continueでは、オプションの引数で
処理をスキップするループ構造のレベルの数を指定できます。
デフォルト値は 1 で、
これは現在のループの終了地点までスキップします。
<?php
$arr = ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six'];
foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
if (0 === ($key % 2)) { // キーが偶数の組をスキップします
continue;
}
echo $value . "\n";
}
?>上の例の出力は以下となります。
one three five
<?php
$i = 0;
while ($i++ < 5) {
echo "Outer\n";
while (1) {
echo "Middle\n";
while (1) {
echo "Inner\n";
continue 3;
}
echo "This never gets output.\n";
}
echo "Neither does this.\n";
}
?>上の例の出力は以下となります。
Outer Middle Inner Outer Middle Inner Outer Middle Inner Outer Middle Inner Outer Middle Inner
continue の後のセミコロンを省略すると混乱を生じることがあります。
以下の例のようなことをしてはいけません。
<?php
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i) {
if ($i == 2)
continue
print "$i\n";
}
?>これは、以下のような結果になることを期待していたのでしょう。
0 1 3 4
| バージョン | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 7.3.0 |
switch 内部で break
文のように振る舞おうとする continue
については、E_WARNING が発生するようになりました。
|
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User Contributed Notes 7 notes
jaimthorn at yahoo dot com ¶
14 years ago
Nikolay Ermolenko ¶
15 years ago
Using continue and break:
<?php
$stack = array('first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth', 'fifth');
foreach($stack AS $v){
if($v == 'second')continue;
if($v == 'fourth')break;
echo $v.'<br>';
}
/*
first
third
*/
$stack2 = array('one'=>'first', 'two'=>'second', 'three'=>'third', 'four'=>'fourth', 'five'=>'fifth');
foreach($stack2 AS $k=>$v){
if($v == 'second')continue;
if($k == 'three')continue;
if($v == 'fifth')break;
echo $k.' ::: '.$v.'<br>';
}
/*
one ::: first
four ::: fourth
*/
?>
Koen ¶
11 years ago
If you use a incrementing value in your loop, be sure to increment it before calling continue; or you might get an infinite loop.
rjsteinert.com ¶
13 years ago
The most basic example that print "13", skipping over 2.
<?php
$arr = array(1, 2, 3);
foreach($arr as $number) {
if($number == 2) {
continue;
}
print $number;
}
?>
www.derosetechnologies.com ¶
20 years ago
In the same way that one can append a number to the end of a break statement to indicate the "loop" level upon which one wishes to 'break' , one can append a number to the end of a 'continue' statement to acheive the same goal. Here's a quick example:
<?
for ($i = 0;$i<3;$i++) {
echo "Start Of I loop\n";
for ($j=0;;$j++) {
if ($j >= 2) continue 2; // This "continue" applies to the "$i" loop
echo "I : $i J : $j"."\n";
}
echo "End\n";
}
?>
The output here is:
Start Of I loop
I : 0 J : 0
I : 0 J : 1
Start Of I loop
I : 1 J : 0
I : 1 J : 1
Start Of I loop
I : 2 J : 0
I : 2 J : 1
For more information, see the php manual's entry for the 'break' statement.
tufan dot oezduman at gmail dot com ¶
17 years ago
a possible explanation for the behavior of continue in included scripts mentioned by greg and dedlfix above may be the following line of the "return" documentation: "If the current script file was include()ed or require()ed, then control is passed back to the calling file."
The example of greg produces an error since page2.php does not contain any loop-operations.
So the only way to give the control back to the loop-operation in page1.php would be a return.
Geekman ¶
16 years ago
For clarification, here are some examples of continue used in a while/do-while loop, showing that it has no effect on the conditional evaluation element.
<?php
// Outputs "1 ".
$i = 0;
while ($i == 0) {
$i++;
echo "$i ";
if ($i == 1) continue;
}
// Outputs "1 2 ".
$i = 0;
do {
$i++;
echo "$i ";
if ($i == 2) continue;
} while ($i == 1);
?>
Both code snippets would behave exactly the same without continue.
