PHP Velho Oeste 2024

DateInterval::format

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

DateInterval::format間隔をフォーマットする

説明

public DateInterval::format(string $format): string

間隔をフォーマットします。

パラメータ

format

次の文字を、 format パラメータ文字列に使用することができます。 フォーマット文字は、パーセント記号 (%) で始めなければなりません。
format 文字 説明 値の例
% リテラルとしての % %
Y 年、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03
y 年、数値 1, 3
M 月、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03, 12
m 月、数値 1, 3, 12
D 日、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03, 31
d 日、数値 1, 3, 31
a DateTime::diff() の結果に使った場合は総日数、それ以外の場合は (unknown) 4, 18, 8123
H 時間、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03, 23
h 時間、数値 1, 3, 23
I 分、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03, 59
i 分、数値 1, 3, 59
S 秒、数値、先頭に 0 を含む 2 桁 01, 03, 57
s 秒、数値 1, 3, 57
F マイクロ秒、少なくとも6桁。足りない分は先頭が0埋めされます。 007701, 052738, 428291
f マイクロ秒、数値 7701, 52738, 428291
R 負の値の場合は "-"、正の値の場合は "+" -, +
r 負の値の場合は "-"、正の値の場合は空文字 -,

戻り値

フォーマットされた間隔を返します。

変更履歴

バージョン 説明
7.2.12 Ff フォーマットの値は、常に正の数値になりました。
7.1.0 フォーマット文字 Ff が追加されました。

例1 DateInterval の例

<?php

$interval
= new DateInterval('P2Y4DT6H8M');
echo
$interval->format('%d days');

?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

4 days

例2 DateInterval での繰り越しの例

<?php

$interval
= new DateInterval('P32D');
echo
$interval->format('%d days');

?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

32 days

例3 DateInterval および DateTime::diff() での修飾子 %a および %d

<?php

$january
= new DateTime('2010-01-01');
$february = new DateTime('2010-02-01');
$interval = $february->diff($january);

// %a は総日数を出力します
echo $interval->format('%a total days')."\n";

// 一方 %d は、月数に含まれない日数のみを出力します
echo $interval->format('%m month, %d days');

?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

31 total days
1 month, 0 days

注意

注意:

DateInterval::format() メソッドは、 時刻文字列や日付セグメントでの繰り越しを再計算しません。 これは意図的な仕様です。なぜなら "32 days" のようにオーバーフローした値は "1 month and 4 days" から "1 month and 1 day" までのどれとでも解釈可能だからです。

参考

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User Contributed Notes 12 notes

up
58
glavic at gmail dot com
10 years ago
How to easy recalculate carry over points:

<?php
class DateIntervalEnhanced extends DateInterval {

    public function
recalculate()
    {
       
$from = new DateTime;
       
$to = clone $from;
       
$to = $to->add($this);
       
$diff = $from->diff($to);
        foreach (
$diff as $k => $v) $this->$k = $v;
        return
$this;
    }

}

$di = new DateIntervalEnhanced('PT3600S');
echo
"Instead of " . $di->format('%h:%i:%s') . " it outputs " . $di->recalculate()->format('%h:%i:%s');
# output will be: "Instead of 0:0:3600 it outputs 1:0:0"
up
22
baptiste dot place at utopiaweb dot fr
14 years ago
With php 5.3, DateTime is sweet !
Here is one quick example :

<?php
/**
* A sweet interval formatting, will use the two biggest interval parts.
* On small intervals, you get minutes and seconds.
* On big intervals, you get months and days.
* Only the two biggest parts are used.
*
* @param DateTime $start
* @param DateTime|null $end
* @return string
*/
public function formatDateDiff($start, $end=null) {
    if(!(
$start instanceof DateTime)) {
       
$start = new DateTime($start);
    }
   
    if(
$end === null) {
       
$end = new DateTime();
    }
   
    if(!(
$end instanceof DateTime)) {
       
$end = new DateTime($start);
    }
   
   
$interval = $end->diff($start);
   
$doPlural = function($nb,$str){return $nb>1?$str.'s':$str;}; // adds plurals
   
   
$format = array();
    if(
$interval->y !== 0) {
       
$format[] = "%y ".$doPlural($interval->y, "year");
    }
    if(
$interval->m !== 0) {
       
$format[] = "%m ".$doPlural($interval->m, "month");
    }
    if(
$interval->d !== 0) {
       
$format[] = "%d ".$doPlural($interval->d, "day");
    }
    if(
$interval->h !== 0) {
       
$format[] = "%h ".$doPlural($interval->h, "hour");
    }
    if(
$interval->i !== 0) {
       
$format[] = "%i ".$doPlural($interval->i, "minute");
    }
    if(
$interval->s !== 0) {
        if(!
count($format)) {
            return
"less than a minute ago";
        } else {
           
$format[] = "%s ".$doPlural($interval->s, "second");
        }
    }
   
   
// We use the two biggest parts
   
if(count($format) > 1) {
       
$format = array_shift($format)." and ".array_shift($format);
    } else {
       
$format = array_pop($format);
    }
   
   
// Prepend 'since ' or whatever you like
   
return $interval->format($format);
}
?>
up
3
me at unreal4u dot com
8 years ago
If you want the difference between two timestamps in HOURS, do not forget to add the number of days:

<?php
// Bad example
$lastEntryDate = new \DateTime('2015-05-23 00:10:20', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
$dateDifference = $lastEntryDate->diff(new \DateTime('2015-05-25 02:35:45', new \DateTimeZone('UTC')));

var_dump((int)$dateDifference->format('%H'));
// Returns 2
if ((int)$dateDifference->format('%H') > 24) {
       
// Will never enter here, (int)$dateDifference->format('%H') will contain 0-23 ONLY
}
?>

Instead, sum the days:
<?php
// Bad example
$lastEntryDate = new \DateTime('2015-05-23 00:10:20', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
$dateDifference = $lastEntryDate->diff(new \DateTime('2015-05-25 02:35:45', new \DateTimeZone('UTC')));

var_dump(($dateDifference->days * 24 + (int)$dateDifference->format('%H')));
// Returns 50
if (($dateDifference->days * 24 + (int)$dateDifference->format('%H')) > 24) {
       
// Will enter here now :)
}
?>

Hope this saves somebody some time and possible bugs :)
up
5
balaclark at gmail dot com
12 years ago
Be aware that your default timezone can sometimes alter the result of a diff so that the returned months/days are incorrect.

There is a bug report at: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=52480
up
2
thflori at gmail dot com
6 years ago
The fact that $dateTime->diff(new DateTime()) returns a DateInterval and the interval is something where you don't get any useful number is somebit annoying.

<?php

$longTimeAgo
= new DateTime('1999-10-23 16:29:21')

// easy workaround:
var_dump((float)$longTimeAgo->format('U.u') - (float)(new DateTime())->format('U.u'));

// or in seconds if you are not that precise
var_dump($longTimeAgo->getTimestamp() - (new DateTime())-getTimestamp());

// this function can help you if you want to stick with DateInterval objects
function interval_to_float(DateInterval $interval) {
 
$seconds = 0;
 
$days = (int)$interval->days;
  if (
$days === false || $days === -99999) { //php5.5 compatibility
   
$days = floor($interval->y * 365.2525);
   
$days += $interval->m * 30; // that's totally inaccurate
   // or: $days += floor($interval->m * 30.4167);
   
$days += $interval->d;
  }
  return (
$days * 24 * 60 * 60 +
   
$interval->h * 60 * 60 +
   
$interval->i * 60 +
   
$interval->s) * ($interval->invert ? -1 : 1) +
   
$interval->f / 1000000; // you may wonder but they are negativ and not affected by invert
}
up
6
pankajs7590 at gmail dot com
6 years ago
public function getTotalInterval($interval, $type){
        switch($type){
            case 'years':
                return $interval->format('%Y');
                break;
            case 'months':
                $years = $interval->format('%Y');
                $months = 0;
                if($years){
                    $months += $years*12;
                }
                $months += $interval->format('%m');
                return $months;
                break;
            case 'days':
                return $interval->format('%a');
                break;
            case 'hours':
                $days = $interval->format('%a');
                $hours = 0;
                if($days){
                    $hours += 24 * $days;
                }
                $hours += $interval->format('%H');
                return $hours;
                break;
            case 'minutes':
                $days = $interval->format('%a');
                $minutes = 0;
                if($days){
                    $minutes += 24 * 60 * $days;
                }
                $hours = $interval->format('%H');
                if($hours){
                    $minutes += 60 * $hours;
                }
                $minutes += $interval->format('%i');
                return $minutes;
                break;
            case 'seconds':
                $days = $interval->format('%a');
                $seconds = 0;
                if($days){
                    $seconds += 24 * 60 * 60 * $days;
                }
                $hours = $interval->format('%H');
                if($hours){
                    $seconds += 60 * 60 * $hours;
                }
                $minutes = $interval->format('%i');
                if($minutes){
                    $seconds += 60 * $minutes;
                }
                $seconds += $interval->format('%s');
                return $seconds;
                break;
            case 'milliseconds':
                $days = $interval->format('%a');
                $seconds = 0;
                if($days){
                    $seconds += 24 * 60 * 60 * $days;
                }
                $hours = $interval->format('%H');
                if($hours){
                    $seconds += 60 * 60 * $hours;
                }
                $minutes = $interval->format('%i');
                if($minutes){
                    $seconds += 60 * $minutes;
                }
                $seconds += $interval->format('%s');
                $milliseconds = $seconds * 1000;
                return $milliseconds;
                break;
            default:
                return NULL;
        }
    }
up
2
kulakov74 at yandex dot ru
10 years ago
glavic, this does not eliminate the problem of "32 days", if you use your class for normalizing intervals of days, because the result will depend on the current month which is used for DateTime by default. And if that does not matter (because the interval is not that long) you don't have to call diff() to get the same recalculation:
$DT=new DateTime('0000-01-01'); $DT->add($oInt); echo($DT->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'));
up
5
kuzb
13 years ago
Quick class to allow you to input a time in any unit, and have it recalculate in to different denominations (for example, seconds to hours, minutes and seconds):

<?php
   
class DateIntervalEnhanced extends DateInterval
   
{

     
/* Keep in mind that a year is seen in this class as 365 days, and a month is seen as 30 days.        
         It is not possible to calculate how many days are in a given year or month without a point of 
         reference in time.*/
     
public function to_seconds()
      {
        return (
$this->y * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60) +
               (
$this->m * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60) +
               (
$this->d * 24 * 60 * 60) +
               (
$this->h * 60 * 60) +
               (
$this->i * 60) +
              
$this->s;
      }
     
      public function
recalculate()
      {
       
$seconds = $this->to_seconds();
       
$this->y = floor($seconds/60/60/24/365);
       
$seconds -= $this->y * 31536000;
       
$this->m = floor($seconds/60/60/24/30);
       
$seconds -= $this->m * 2592000;
       
$this->d = floor($seconds/60/60/24);
       
$seconds -= $this->d * 86400;
       
$this->h = floor($seconds/60/60);
       
$seconds -= $this->h * 3600;
       
$this->i = floor($seconds/60);
       
$seconds -= $this->i * 60;
       
$this->s = $seconds;
      }
    }

   
// Example usage
   
$di = new DateIntervalEnhanced('PT3600S');
   
$di->recalculate();
   
// outputs 1:0:0 instead of 0:0:3600 now!
   
echo $di->format('%H:%i:%s');
?>
up
0
nabikaz at gmail dot com
2 years ago
Important: Note that from PHP version <= 7.2.11 if you use %F or %f the result may be a negative number, which is a bug mentioned here:
https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77007
And has been fixed since version 7.2.12.
up
0
pekka at gmx dot de
13 years ago
Note that `%a` is broken on Windows on VC6 builds. http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=51184
up
-2
zell1285 at gmail dot com
7 years ago
I was doing this: $endDate->diff($startDate)->format('%a’)
to get the number of the days between the end date and the start date. This is correct, but if I subtract 2016-04-23 00:00:00 to 2016-04-02 09:39:01 (note that in only one of the datetime values we have the time) the result is 21 (and not 20 as I expected). This is because the result of the diff is 20 days AND 14 hours, 20 mins and 59 secs. If you use the %a to get the days from a dateinterval, it will round the days (and if the hours are greater than 12, it will round days up).

So, DO NOT USE the %a formatting to get the difference in days between 2 datetime unless you are 100% sure that both the Datetime objects don't have the time.

You can solve easily with $valueDate->diff($startDate)->days that will return only the days in a dateinterval (without the fuc***g rounding).
up
-3
beowolve at gmail dot com
10 years ago
German Version of formatDateDiff:

function formatDateDiff($start, $end=null) {
    if(!($start instanceof DateTime)) {
        $start = new DateTime($start);
    }

    if($end === null) {
        $end = new DateTime();
    }

    if(!($end instanceof DateTime)) {
        $end = new DateTime($start);
    }

    $interval = $end->diff($start);
    $doPlural = function($nb,$str){
        if ($nb > 1) {
            switch ($str) {
                case 'Jahr':
                case 'Monat':
                case 'Tag':
                    return $str.'e';
                case 'Stunde':
                case 'Minute':
                case 'Sekunde':
                    return $str.'n';
            }
        } else
            return $str;
    }; // adds plurals

    $format = array();
    if($interval->y !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%y ".$doPlural($interval->y, "Jahr");
    }
    if($interval->m !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%m ".$doPlural($interval->m, "Monat");
    }
    if($interval->d !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%d ".$doPlural($interval->d, "Tag");
    }
    if($interval->h !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%h ".$doPlural($interval->h, "Stunde");
    }
    if($interval->i !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%i ".$doPlural($interval->i, "Minute");
    }
    if($interval->s !== 0) {
        $format[] = "%s ".$doPlural($interval->s, "Sekunde");
    }
   
    if(count($format)==0 || (count($format)==1 && $interval->s !== 0)) {
        return "weniger als eine Minute";
    }

    // We use the two biggest parts
    if(count($format) > 1) {
        $format = array_shift($format).", ".array_shift($format);
    } else {
        $format = array_pop($format);
    }

    // Prepend 'since ' or whatever you like
    return $interval->format($format);
}
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