Here's a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.
<?php
if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
function fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
return pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags);
}
}
function pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
$modifiers = null;
$transforms = array(
'\*' => '.*',
'\?' => '.',
'\[\!' => '[^',
'\[' => '[',
'\]' => ']',
'\.' => '\.',
'\\' => '\\\\'
);
// Forward slash in string must be in pattern:
if ($flags & FNM_PATHNAME) {
$transforms['\*'] = '[^/]*';
}
// Back slash should not be escaped:
if ($flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) {
unset($transforms['\\']);
}
// Perform case insensitive match:
if ($flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) {
$modifiers .= 'i';
}
// Period at start must be the same as pattern:
if ($flags & FNM_PERIOD) {
if (strpos($string, '.') === 0 && strpos($pattern, '.') !== 0) return false;
}
$pattern = '#^'
. strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), $transforms)
. '$#'
. $modifiers;
return (boolean)preg_match($pattern, $string);
}
?>
This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.
fnmatch
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
fnmatch — ファイル名がパターンにマッチするか調べる
説明
fnmatch()はfilename
で指定された文字列が
pattern
で指定されたシェルワイルドカードにマッチするかどうかチェックします。
パラメータ
-
pattern -
シェルのワイルドカードパターン。
-
filename -
調べたい文字列。この機能は特にファイル名のマッチに便利ですが、 通常の文字列に関しても使用できます。
一般的なユーザーにとって、シェルパターンやあるいは少なくとも
'?'と'*'によるワイルドカードのほうが 慣れていると思われます。そのため、 preg_match() の代わりに fnmatch() をフロントエンドの検索表現として使うことは、 プログラマではないユーザーにとってより便利でしょう。 -
flags -
flagsの値は、以下のフラグを 論理 OR (|) 演算子 で連結した任意の組み合わせです。fnmatch() で使えるフラグ フラグ説明 FNM_NOESCAPEバックスラッシュのエスケープを無効にする。 FNM_PATHNAME文字列内のスラッシュは、指定したパターン内のスラッシュにのみマッチする。 FNM_PERIOD文字列の先頭のピリオドは、指定したパターン内のピリオドにマッチしなければならない。 FNM_CASEFOLD大文字小文字を区別しないマッチ。GNU 拡張の一部。
戻り値
マッチした場合に true、それ以外の場合に false を返します。
例
例1 シェルのワイルドカードパターンによる色の名前のチェック
<?php
if (fnmatch("*gr[ae]y", $color)) {
echo "some form of gray ...";
}
?>注意
警告
今のところ、この機能は POSIX に準拠していないシステムで利用できません (ただし、Windows では利用できます)。
参考
- glob() - パターンにマッチするパス名を探す
- preg_match() - 正規表現によるマッチングを行う
- sscanf() - フォーマット文字列に基づき入力を処理する
- printf() - フォーマット済みの文字列を出力する
- sprintf() - フォーマットされた文字列を返す
add a note
User Contributed Notes 9 notes
me at rowanlewis dot com ¶
14 years ago
bernd dot ebert at gmx dot net ¶
12 years ago
There is a problem within the pcre_fnmatch-Function concerning backslashes. Those will be masked by preq_quote and ADDITONALLY by the strtr if FN_NOESCAPE is not set -> something like "*a(*" will finally result in "#^.*a\\(.*$#". Note the double backslash which effectively does NOT mask the "(" correctly.
Since preq_quote always matches a backslash I don't think that this'll work with using preg_quote at all.
Sinured ¶
16 years ago
An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).
jk at ricochetsolutions dot com ¶
17 years ago
soywiz's function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.
<?php
if(!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
return preg_match("#^".strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.'))."$#i", $string);
} // end
} // end if
?>
Frederik Krautwald ¶
17 years ago
soywiz's function still doesn't seem to work -- at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows -- but jk's does.
phlipping at yahoo dot com ¶
21 years ago
you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:
function WildToReg($str)
{
$s = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
{
$c = $str{$i};
if ($c =='?')
$s .= '.'; // any character
else if ($c == '*')
$s .= '.*'; // 0 or more any characters
else if ($c == '[' || $c == ']')
$s .= $c; // one of characters within []
else
$s .= '\\' . $c;
}
$s = '^' . $s . '$';
//trim redundant ^ or $
//eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
if (substr($s,0,3) == "^.*")
$s = substr($s,3);
if (substr($s,-3,3) == ".*$")
$s = substr($s,0,-3);
return $s;
}
if (ereg(WildToReg("*.txt"), $fn))
print "$fn is a text file";
else
print "$fn is not a text file";
theboydanny at gmail dot com ¶
16 years ago
About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk's works for me, soywiz didn't (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz's didn't for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK's fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
<?php
$pattern = strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.', '\[' => '[', '\]' => ']'));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.
Sinured ¶
17 years ago
Possible flags (scratched out of fnmatch.h):
...::...
FNM_PATHNAME:
> Slash in $string only matches slash in $pattern.
FNM_PERIOD:
> Leading period in $string must be exactly matched by period in $pattern.
FNM_NOESCAPE:
> Disable backslash escaping.
FNM_NOSYS:
> Obsolescent.
FNM_FILE_NAME:
> Alias of FNM_PATHNAME.
FNM_LEADING_DIR:
> From fnmatch.h: /* Ignore `/...' after a match. */
FNM_CASEFOLD:
> Caseless match.
Since they’re appearing in file.c, but are not available in PHP, we’ll have to define them ourselves:
<?php
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
// GNU extensions
define('FNM_FILE_NAME', FNM_PATHNAME);
define('FNM_LEADING_DIR', 8);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
?>
I didn’t test any of these except casefold, which worked for me.
bwilcock at gmail dot com ¶
11 years ago
fnmatch is not 100% reliable. Bug 14185 is still open and may or may not have been patched.
In certain wildcard circumstance fnmatch("*needle*", $haystack, match) returns false intermittantly
However stripos or preg returns a "find".
