utf8_decode

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

utf8_decode — UTF-8 エンコードされた文字列を、ISO-8859-1 に変換し、表現できない文字を置換する

警告

この関数は PHP 8.2.0 で 非推奨になります。この関数に頼らないことを強く推奨します。

説明

utf8_decode(string $string): string

この関数は、文字列 string を UTF-8 エンコードから ISO-8859-1 へ変換します。有効な UTF-8 ではない文字列バイト、および ISO-8859-1 に存在しない UTF-8 の文字 (つまり、U+00FF 以降のコードポイント) は、 ? に置き換えられます。

注意:
ISO-8859-1 文字エンコーディングを使っているとマークされている多くの Web ページが、実際にはそれと似た Windows-1252 を使っており、 Web ブラウザは ISO-8859-1 Web ページを Windows-1252 として解釈しています。Windows-1252 は ISO-8859-1 のある制御文字の代わりに、ユーロ記号 (€) や curly quote (“ ”) を印字可能な文字として追加しています。この関数はそうした Windows-1252 文字を正しく変換しません。 Windows-1252 の変換が必要な場合は、別の関数を使ってください。

パラメータ

string: UTF-8 エンコードされた文字列。

戻り値

string を ISO-8859-1 に変換した結果を返します。

変更履歴

バージョン	説明
8.2.0	この関数は、推奨されなくなりました。
7.2.0	この関数は、XML拡張モジュールから PHP のコアに移動しました。これより前のバージョンでは、この関数は XML拡張モジュールをインストールしていた場合にのみ利用可能でした。

例

例1 基本的な例

<?php
// Convert the string 'Zoë' from UTF-8 to ISO 8859-1
$utf8_string = "\x5A\x6F\xC3\xAB";
$iso8859_1_string = utf8_decode($utf8_string);
echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n";
// Invalid UTF-8 sequences are replaced with '?'
$invalid_utf8_string = "\xC3";
$iso8859_1_string = utf8_decode($invalid_utf8_string);
var_dump($iso8859_1_string);
// Characters which don't exist in ISO 8859-1, such as
// '€' (Euro Sign) are also replaced with '?'
$utf8_string = "\xE2\x82\xAC";
$iso8859_1_string = utf8_decode($utf8_string);
var_dump($iso8859_1_string);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

5a6feb
string(1) "?"
string(1) "?"

注意

注意: この関数は推奨されません。代替については下記のとおりです。

この関数は、PHP 8.2.0 以降は推奨されなくなり、将来のバージョンで削除される予定です。この関数を使っているコードをチェックし、適切な代替に置き換えるべきです。

この関数と似た機能は、 mb_convert_encoding() で実現できます。この関数は、ISO-8859-1 と、多くの他の文字エンコーディングをサポートしています。
<?php $utf8_string = "\xC3\xAB"; // 'ë' (e with diaeresis) in UTF-8 $iso8859_1_string = mb_convert_encoding($utf8_string, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8'); echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n"; $utf8_string = "\xCE\xBB"; // 'λ' (Greek lower-case lambda) in UTF-8 $iso8859_7_string = mb_convert_encoding($utf8_string, 'ISO-8859-7', 'UTF-8'); echo bin2hex($iso8859_7_string), "\n"; $utf8_string = "\xE2\x82\xAC"; // '€' (Euro sign) in UTF-8 (not present in ISO-8859-1) $windows_1252_string = mb_convert_encoding($utf8_string, 'Windows-1252', 'UTF-8'); echo bin2hex($windows_1252_string), "\n"; ?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。
eb
eb
80
他の代替として、インストールされている拡張機能に依存した関数ですが、 UConverter::transcode() と iconv() が挙げられます。

次のコードは、いずれも同じ結果を返します:
<?php $utf8_string = "\x5A\x6F\xC3\xAB"; // 'Zoë' in UTF-8 $iso8859_1_string = utf8_decode($utf8_string); echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n"; $iso8859_1_string = mb_convert_encoding($utf8_string, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8'); echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n"; $iso8859_1_string = iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1', $utf8_string); echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n"; $iso8859_1_string = UConverter::transcode($utf8_string, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF8'); echo bin2hex($iso8859_1_string), "\n"; ?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。
5a6feb
5a6feb
5a6feb
5a6feb
UConverter::transcode() に 'to_subst' オプションとして '?' を指定すると、 ISO-8859-1 で表現できないか、不正な文字列の場合の utf8_decode() 関数と同じ結果を返します。
<?php $utf8_string = "\xE2\x82\xAC"; // € (Euro Sign) does not exist in ISO 8859-1 $iso8859_1_string = UConverter::transcode( $utf8_string, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', ['to_subst' => '?'] ); var_dump($iso8859_1_string); ?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。
sring(1) "?"

参考

utf8_encode() - ISO-8859-1 文字列を UTF-8 に変換する
mb_convert_encoding() - ある文字エンコーディングの文字列を、別の文字エンコーディングに変換する
UConverter::transcode() - ある文字エンコーディングから別の文字エンコーディングに文字列を変換する
iconv() - ある文字エンコーディングの文字列を、別の文字エンコーディングに変換する

add a note

User Contributed Notes 33 notes

down

deceze at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago


Please note that utf8_decode simply converts a string encoded in UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1. A more appropriate name for it would be utf8_to_iso88591. If your text is already encoded in ISO-8859-1, you do not need this function. If you don't want to use ISO-8859-1, you do not need this function.

Note that UTF-8 can represent many more characters than ISO-8859-1. Trying to convert a UTF-8 string that contains characters that can't be represented in ISO-8859-1 to ISO-8859-1 will garble your text and/or cause characters to go missing. Trying to convert text that is not encoded in UTF-8 using this function will most likely garble the text.

If you need to convert any text from any encoding to any other encoding, look at iconv() instead.

down

info at vanylla dot it ¶

15 years ago


IMPORTANT: when converting UTF8 data that contains the EURO sign DON'T USE utf_decode function.

utf_decode converts the data into ISO-8859-1 charset. But ISO-8859-1 charset does not contain the EURO sign, therefor the EURO sign will be converted into a question mark character '?'

In order to convert properly UTF8 data with EURO sign you must use:

iconv("UTF-8", "CP1252", $data)

down

gabriel arobase gabsoftware dot com ¶

13 years ago


If you want to retrieve some UTF-8 data from your database, you don't need utf8_decode().

Simply do the following query before any SELECT :

$result = mysql_query("SET NAMES utf8");

down

Aidan Kehoe <php-manual at parhasard dot net> ¶

20 years ago


The fastest way I've found to check if something is valid UTF-8 is 
<?php 
if (iconv('UTF-8', 'UTF-8', $input) != $input) { 
        /* It's not UTF-8--for me, it's probably CP1252, the Windows
           version of Latin 1, with directed quotation marks and
           the Euro sign.  */
}
 ?>. 
The iconv() C library fails if it's told a string is UTF-8 and it isn't; the PHP one doesn't, it just returns the conversion up to the point of failure, so you have to compare the result to the input to find out if the conversion succeeded.

down

lukasz dot mlodzik at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


Update to MARC13 function utf2iso()
I'm using it to handle AJAX POST calls. 
Despite using 
http.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; charset='utf-8'); 
it still code Polish letters using UTF-16

This is only for Polish letters:
 
<?php
function utf16_2_utf8 ($nowytekst) {
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0104','Ą',$nowytekst);    //Ą
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0106','Ć',$nowytekst);    //Ć
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0118','Ę',$nowytekst);    //Ę
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0141','Ł',$nowytekst);    //Ł
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0143','Ń',$nowytekst);    //Ń
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u00D3','Ó',$nowytekst);    //Ó
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u015A','Ś',$nowytekst);    //Ś
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0179','Ź',$nowytekst);    //Ź
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u017B','Ż',$nowytekst);    //Ż
       
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0105','ą',$nowytekst);    //ą
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0107','ć',$nowytekst);    //ć
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0119','ę',$nowytekst);    //ę
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0142','ł',$nowytekst);    //ł
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u0144','ń',$nowytekst);    //ń
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u00F3','ó',$nowytekst);    //ó
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u015B','ś',$nowytekst);    //ś
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u017A','ź',$nowytekst);    //ź
        $nowytekst = str_replace('%u017C','ż',$nowytekst);    //ż
   return ($nowytekst);
   }    
?>

Everything goes smooth, but it doesn't change '%u00D3','Ó' and '%u00F3','ó'. I dont have idea what to do with that.

Remember! File must be saved in UTF-8 coding.

down

sam ¶

17 years ago


In addition to yannikh's note, to convert a hex utf8 string

<?php

echo utf8_decode("\x61\xc3\xb6\x61");
// works as expected

$abc="61c3b661";
$newstr = "";
$l = strlen($abc);
for ($i=0;$i<$l;$i+=2){
    $newstr .= "\x".$abc[$i].$abc[$i+1];
}
echo utf8_decode($newstr);
// or varieties  of "\x": "\\x" etc does NOT output what you want

echo utf8_decode(pack('H*',$abc));
// this outputs the correct string, like the first line.

?>

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Aleksandr ¶

7 years ago


In addition to note by yannikh at gmeil dot com, another way to decode strings with non-latin chars from unix console like

C=RU, L=\xD0\x9C\xD0\xBE\xD1\x81\xD0\xBA\xD0\xB2\xD0\xB0,

<?php preg_replace_callback('/\\\\x([0-9A-F]{2})/', function($a){ return pack('H*', $a[1]); }, $str); ?>

The code above will output:
C=RU, L=Москва,

down

jamalmarlone at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago


$string = "BjÃ¸rn Johansen";

echo mb_convert_encoding($string, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8');

----
prints: "Bjørn Johansen"

down

christoffer ¶

12 years ago


The preferred way to use this on an array would be with the built in PHP function "array_map()", as for example:
$array = array_map("utf8_decode", $array);

down

kode68 ¶

8 years ago


Update Answer from okx dot oliver dot koenig at gmail dot com for PHP 5.6 since e/ modifier is depreciated

// This finally helped me to do the job, thanks to Blackbit, had to modify deprecated ereg:
// original comment: "Squirrelmail contains a nice function in the sources to convert unicode to entities:"

function charset_decode_utf_8($string)
    {
        /* Only do the slow convert if there are 8-bit characters */
        if ( !preg_match("/[\200-\237]/", $string) && !preg_match("/[\241-\377]/", $string) )
               return $string;

        // decode three byte unicode characters
          $string = preg_replace_callback("/([\340-\357])([\200-\277])([\200-\277])/",
                    create_function ('$matches', 'return \'&#\'.((ord($matches[1])-224)*4096+(ord($matches[2])-128)*64+(ord($matches[3])-128)).\';\';'),
                    $string);

        // decode two byte unicode characters
          $string = preg_replace_callback("/([\300-\337])([\200-\277])/",
                    create_function ('$matches', 'return \'&#\'.((ord($matches[1])-192)*64+(ord($matches[2])-128)).\';\';'),
                    $string);

        return $string;
    }

Enjoy

down

sashott at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


Use of utf8_decode was not enough for me by get page content from another site. Problem appear by different alphabet from standard latin. As example some chars (corresponding to HTML codes &bdquo; , &nbsp; and others) are converted to "?" or "xA0" (hex value). You need to make some conversion before execute utf8_decode. And you can not replace simple, that they can be part of 2 bytes code for a char (UTF-8 use 2 bytes). Next is for cyrillic alphabet, but for other must be very close.

function convertMethod($text){
    //Problem is that utf8_decode convert HTML chars for &bdquo; and other to ? or &nbsp; to \xA0. And you can not replace, that they are in some char bytes and you broke cyrillic (or other alphabet) chars.
    $problem_enc=array(
        'euro',
        'sbquo',
        'bdquo',
        'hellip',
        'dagger',
        'Dagger',
        'permil',
        'lsaquo',
        'lsquo',
        'rsquo',
        'ldquo',
        'rdquo',
        'bull',
        'ndash',
        'mdash',
        'trade',
        'rsquo',
        'brvbar',
        'copy',
        'laquo',
        'reg',
        'plusmn',
        'micro',
        'para',
        'middot',
        'raquo',
        'nbsp'
    );
    $text=mb_convert_encoding($text,'HTML-ENTITIES','UTF-8');
    $text=preg_replace('#(?<!\&ETH;)\&('.implode('|',$problem_enc).');#s','--amp{$1}',$text);
    $text=mb_convert_encoding($text,'UTF-8','HTML-ENTITIES');
    $text=utf8_decode($text);
    $text=mb_convert_encoding($text,'HTML-ENTITIES','UTF-8');
    $text=preg_replace('#\-\-amp\{([^\}]+)\}#su','&$1;',$text);
    $text=mb_convert_encoding($text,'UTF-8','HTML-ENTITIES');
    return $text;
}

If this don't work, try to set "die($text);" on some places to look, what is happen to this row. Is better to test with long text. It is very possible to broke other alphabet character. In this case, it is very possible, that for you alphabet set "&ETH;" is not the right one. You need to set "die($text);" after this preg_replace and look HTML code for character before set "--amp".

down

punchivan at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


EY! the bug is not in the function 'utf8_decode'. The bug is in the function 'mb_detect_encoding'. If you put a word with a special char at the end like this 'accentué', that will lead to a wrong result (UTF-8) but if you put another char at the end like this 'accentuée' you will get it right. So you should always add a ISO-8859-1 character to your string for this check. My advise is to use a blank space.
I´ve tried it and it works! 

function ISO_convert($array)
{
    $array_temp = array();
     
    foreach($array as $name => $value)
    {
        if(is_array($value))
          $array_temp[(mb_detect_encoding($name." ",'UTF-8,ISO-8859-1') == 'UTF-8' ? utf8_decode($name) : $name )] = ISO_convert($value);
        else
          $array_temp[(mb_detect_encoding($name." ",'UTF-8,ISO-8859-1') == 'UTF-8' ? utf8_decode($name) : $name )] = (mb_detect_encoding($value." ",'UTF-8,ISO-8859-1') == 'UTF-8' ? utf8_decode($value) : $value );
    }

    return $array_temp; 
}

down

ludvig dot ericson at gmail dot com ¶

17 years ago


A better way to convert would be to use iconv, see http://www.php.net/iconv -- example:

<?php
$myUnicodeString = "Åäö";
echo iconv("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", $myUnicodeString);
?>

Above would echo out the given variable in ISO-8859-1 encoding, you may replace it with whatever you prefer.

Another solution to the issue of misdisplayed glyphs is to simply send the document as UTF-8, and of course send UTF-8 data:

<?php
# Replace text/html with whatever MIME-type you prefer.
header("Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8");
?>

down

luka8088 at gmail dot com ¶

17 years ago


simple UTF-8 to HTML conversion:

function utf8_to_html ($data)
    {
    return preg_replace("/([\\xC0-\\xF7]{1,1}[\\x80-\\xBF]+)/e", '_utf8_to_html("\\1")', $data);
    }

function _utf8_to_html ($data)
    {
    $ret = 0;
    foreach((str_split(strrev(chr((ord($data{0}) % 252 % 248 % 240 % 224 % 192) + 128) . substr($data, 1)))) as $k => $v)
        $ret += (ord($v) % 128) * pow(64, $k);
    return "&#$ret;";
    }

Example:
echo utf8_to_html("a b č ć ž こ に ち わ ()[]{}!#$?*");

Output:
a b &#269; &#263; &#382; &#12371; &#12395; &#12385; &#12431; ()[]{}!#$?*

down

alexlevin at kvadro dot net ¶

17 years ago


If you running Gentoo Linux and encounter problems with some PHP4 applications saying:
Call to undefined function: utf8_decode()
Try reemerge PHP4 with 'expat' flag enabled.

down

php-net at ---NOSPAM---lc dot yi dot org ¶

18 years ago


I've just created this code snippet to improve the user-customizable emails sent by one of my websites.

The goal was to use UTF-8 (Unicode) so that non-english users have all the Unicode benefits, BUT also make life seamless for English (or specifically, English MS-Outlook users).  The niggle: Outlook prior to 2003 (?)  does not properly detect unicode emails.  When "smart quotes" from MS Word were pasted into a rich text area and saved in Unicode, then sent by email to an Outlook user, more often than not, these characters were wrongly rendered as "greek". 

So, the following code snippet replaces a few strategic characters into html entities which Outlook XP (and possibly earlier) will render as expected.  [Code based on bits of code from previous posts on this and the htmlenties page]
<?php
    $badwordchars=array(
        "\xe2\x80\x98", // left single quote
        "\xe2\x80\x99", // right single quote
        "\xe2\x80\x9c", // left double quote
        "\xe2\x80\x9d", // right double quote
        "\xe2\x80\x94", // em dash
        "\xe2\x80\xa6" // elipses
    );
    $fixedwordchars=array(
        "&#8216;",
        "&#8217;",
        '&#8220;',
        '&#8221;',
        '&mdash;',
        '&#8230;'
    );
    $html=str_replace($badwordchars,$fixedwordchars,$html);
?>

down

thierry.bo # netcourrier point com ¶

19 years ago


In response to fhoech (22-Sep-2005 11:55), I just tried a simultaneous test with the file UTF-8-test.txt using your regexp, 'j dot dittmer' (20-Sep-2005 06:30) regexp (message #56962), `php-note-2005` (17-Feb-2005 08:57) regexp in his message on `mb-detect-encoding` page (http://us3.php.net/manual/en/function.mb-detect-encoding.php#50087) who is using a regexp from the W3C (http://w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.html), and PHP mb_detect_encoding function.

Here are a summarize of the results :

201 lines are valid UTF8 strings using phpnote regexp
203 lines are valid UTF8 strings using j.dittmer regexp
200 lines are valid UTF8 strings using fhoech regexp
239 lines are valid  UTF8 strings using using mb_detect_encoding

Here are the lines with differences (left to right, phpnote, j.dittmer and fhoech) :

Line #70 : NOT UTF8|IS UTF8!|IS UTF8! :2.1.1 1 byte (U-00000000): "" 
Line #79 : NOT UTF8|IS UTF8!|IS UTF8! :2.2.1 1 byte (U-0000007F): "" 
Line #81 : IS UTF8!|IS UTF8!|NOT UTF8 :2.2.3 3 bytes (U-0000FFFF): "&#65535;" | 
Line #267 : IS UTF8!|IS UTF8!|NOT UTF8 :5.3.1 U+FFFE = ef bf be = "&#65534;" |
Line #268 : IS UTF8!|IS UTF8!|NOT UTF8 :5.3.2 U+FFFF = ef bf bf = "&#65535;" | 

Interesting is that you said that your regexp corrected j.dittmer regexp that failed on 5.3 section, but it my test I have the opposite result ?!

I ran this test on windows XP with PHP 4.3.11dev. Maybe these differences come from operating system, or PHP version. 

For mb_detect_encoding I used the command :

mb_detect_encoding($line, 'UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ASCII');

down

j dot dittmer at portrix dot net ¶

19 years ago


The regex in the last comment has some typos. This is a
syntactically valid one, don't know if it's correct though.
You've to concat the expression in one long line.

^(
[\x00-\x7f]|
[\xc2-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]|
[\xe0][\xa0-\xbf][\x80-\xbf]|
[\xe1-\xec][\x80-\xbf]{2}|
[\xed][\x80-\x9f][\x80-\xbf]|
[\xee-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2}|
[\xf0][\x90-\xbf][\x80-\xbf]{2}|
[\xf1-\xf3][\x80-\xbf]{3}|
[\xf4][\x80-\x8f][\x80-\xbf]{2}
)*$

down

rasmus at flajm dot se ¶

19 years ago


If you don't have the multibyte extension installed, here's a function to decode UTF-16 encoded strings. It support both BOM-less and BOM'ed strings, (big- and little-endian byte order.)

<?php
/**
 * Decode UTF-16 encoded strings.
 * 
 * Can handle both BOM'ed data and un-BOM'ed data. 
 * Assumes Big-Endian byte order if no BOM is available.
 * 
 * @param   string  $str  UTF-16 encoded data to decode.
 * @return  string  UTF-8 / ISO encoded data.
 * @access  public
 * @version 0.1 / 2005-01-19
 * @author  Rasmus Andersson {@link http://rasmusandersson.se/}
 * @package Groupies
 */
function utf16_decode( $str ) {
    if( strlen($str) < 2 ) return $str;
    $bom_be = true;
    $c0 = ord($str{0});
    $c1 = ord($str{1});
    if( $c0 == 0xfe && $c1 == 0xff ) { $str = substr($str,2); }
    elseif( $c0 == 0xff && $c1 == 0xfe ) { $str = substr($str,2); $bom_be = false; }
    $len = strlen($str);
    $newstr = '';
    for($i=0;$i<$len;$i+=2) {
        if( $bom_be ) { $val = ord($str{$i})   << 4; $val += ord($str{$i+1}); }
        else {        $val = ord($str{$i+1}) << 4; $val += ord($str{$i}); }
        $newstr .= ($val == 0x228) ? "\n" : chr($val);
    }
    return $newstr;
}
?>

down

-1

okx dot oliver dot koenig at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago


// This finally helped me to do the job, thanks to Blackbit, had to modify deprecated ereg:
// original comment: "Squirrelmail contains a nice function in the sources to convert unicode to entities:"

function charset_decode_utf_8 ($string) {
    /* Only do the slow convert if there are 8-bit characters */
    /* avoid using 0xA0 (\240) in ereg ranges. RH73 does not like that */
    if (!preg_match("/[\200-\237]/", $string)
     && !preg_match("/[\241-\377]/", $string)
    ) {
        return $string;
    }

    // decode three byte unicode characters
    $string = preg_replace("/([\340-\357])([\200-\277])([\200-\277])/e",
        "'&#'.((ord('\\1')-224)*4096 + (ord('\\2')-128)*64 + (ord('\\3')-128)).';'",
        $string
    );

    // decode two byte unicode characters
    $string = preg_replace("/([\300-\337])([\200-\277])/e",
        "'&#'.((ord('\\1')-192)*64+(ord('\\2')-128)).';'",
        $string
    );

    return $string;
}

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Blackbit ¶

16 years ago


Squirrelmail contains a nice function in the sources to convert unicode to entities:



<?php

function charset_decode_utf_8 ($string) {

      /* Only do the slow convert if there are 8-bit characters */

    /* avoid using 0xA0 (\240) in ereg ranges. RH73 does not like that */

    if (! ereg("[\200-\237]", $string) and ! ereg("[\241-\377]", $string))

        return $string;



    // decode three byte unicode characters

    $string = preg_replace("/([\340-\357])([\200-\277])([\200-\277])/e",        \

    "'&#'.((ord('\\1')-224)*4096 + (ord('\\2')-128)*64 + (ord('\\3')-128)).';'",    \

    $string);



    // decode two byte unicode characters

    $string = preg_replace("/([\300-\337])([\200-\277])/e", \

    "'&#'.((ord('\\1')-192)*64+(ord('\\2')-128)).';'", \

    $string);



    return $string;

}

?>

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visus at portsonline dot net ¶

17 years ago


Following code helped me with mixed (UTF8+ISO-8859-1(x)) encodings. In this case, I have template files made and maintained by designers who do not care about encoding and MySQL data in utf8_binary_ci encoded tables.

<?php

class Helper
{
    function strSplit($text, $split = 1)
    {
        if (!is_string($text)) return false;
        if (!is_numeric($split) && $split < 1) return false;

        $len = strlen($text);

        $array = array();

        $i = 0;

        while ($i < $len)
        {
            $key = NULL;

            for ($j = 0; $j < $split; $j += 1)
            {
                $key .= $text{$i};

                $i += 1;
            }

            $array[] = $key;
        }

        return $array;
    }

    function UTF8ToHTML($str)
    {
        $search = array();
        $search[] = "/([\\xC0-\\xF7]{1,1}[\\x80-\\xBF]+)/e";
        $search[] = "/&#228;/";
        $search[] = "/&#246;/";
        $search[] = "/&#252;/";
        $search[] = "/&#196;/";
        $search[] = "/&#214;/";
        $search[] = "/&#220;/";
        $search[] = "/&#223;/";

        $replace = array();
        $replace[] = 'Helper::_UTF8ToHTML("\\1")';
        $replace[] = "ä";
        $replace[] = "ö";
        $replace[] = "ü";
        $replace[] = "Ä";
        $replace[] = "Ö";
        $replace[] = "ü";
        $replace[] = "ß";

        $str = preg_replace($search, $replace, $str);

        return $str;
    }

    function _UTF8ToHTML($str)
    {
        $ret = 0;

        foreach((Helper::strSplit(strrev(chr((ord($str{0}) % 252 % 248 % 240 % 224 % 192) + 128).substr($str, 1)))) as $k => $v)
            $ret += (ord($v) % 128) * pow(64, $k);
        return "&#".$ret.";";
    }
}

// Usage example:

$tpl = file_get_contents("template.tpl");
/* ... */
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);

print(Helper::UTF8ToHTML(str_replace("{VAR}", $row['var'], $tpl)));

?>

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paul.hayes at entropedia.co.uk ¶

18 years ago


I noticed that the utf-8 to html functions below are only for 2 byte long codes. Well I wanted 3 byte support (sorry haven't done 4, 5 or 6). Also I noticed the concatination of the character codes did have the hex prefix 0x and so failed with the large 2 byte codes)

<?
  public function utf2html (&$str) {
    
    $ret = "";
    $max = strlen($str);
    $last = 0;  // keeps the index of the last regular character
    for ($i=0; $i<$max; $i++) {
        $c = $str{$i};
        $c1 = ord($c);
        if ($c1>>5 == 6) {  // 110x xxxx, 110 prefix for 2 bytes unicode
            $ret .= substr($str, $last, $i-$last); // append all the regular characters we've passed
            $c1 &= 31; // remove the 3 bit two bytes prefix
            $c2 = ord($str{++$i}); // the next byte
            $c2 &= 63;  // remove the 2 bit trailing byte prefix
            $c2 |= (($c1 & 3) << 6); // last 2 bits of c1 become first 2 of c2
            $c1 >>= 2; // c1 shifts 2 to the right
            $ret .= "&#" . ($c1 * 0x100 + $c2) . ";"; // this is the fastest string concatenation
            $last = $i+1;       
        }
        elseif ($c1>>4 == 14) {  // 1110 xxxx, 110 prefix for 3 bytes unicode
            $ret .= substr($str, $last, $i-$last); // append all the regular characters we've passed
            $c2 = ord($str{++$i}); // the next byte
            $c3 = ord($str{++$i}); // the third byte
            $c1 &= 15; // remove the 4 bit three bytes prefix
            $c2 &= 63;  // remove the 2 bit trailing byte prefix
            $c3 &= 63;  // remove the 2 bit trailing byte prefix
            $c3 |= (($c2 & 3) << 6); // last 2 bits of c2 become first 2 of c3
            $c2 >>=2; //c2 shifts 2 to the right
            $c2 |= (($c1 & 15) << 4); // last 4 bits of c1 become first 4 of c2
            $c1 >>= 4; // c1 shifts 4 to the right
            $ret .= '&#' . (($c1 * 0x10000) + ($c2 * 0x100) + $c3) . ';'; // this is the fastest string concatenation
            $last = $i+1;       
        }
    }
    $str=$ret . substr($str, $last, $i); // append the last batch of regular characters
} 
?>

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MARC13 ¶

17 years ago


I did this function to convert data from AJAX call to insert to my database.
It converts UTF-8 from XMLHttpRequest() to ISO-8859-2 that I use in LATIN2 MySQL database.

<?php
function utf2iso($tekst)
{
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0104","\xA1",$tekst);    //Ą
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0106","\xC6",$nowytekst);    //Ć
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0118","\xCA",$nowytekst);    //Ę
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0141","\xA3",$nowytekst);    //Ł
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0143","\xD1",$nowytekst);    //Ń
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u00D3","\xD3",$nowytekst);    //Ó
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u015A","\xA6",$nowytekst);    //Ś
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0179","\xAC",$nowytekst);    //Ź
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u017B","\xAF",$nowytekst);    //Ż
        
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0105","\xB1",$nowytekst);    //ą
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0107","\xE6",$nowytekst);    //ć
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0119","\xEA",$nowytekst);    //ę
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0142","\xB3",$nowytekst);    //ł
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u0144","\xF1",$nowytekst);    //ń
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u00D4","\xF3",$nowytekst);    //ó
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u015B","\xB6",$nowytekst);    //ś
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u017A","\xBC",$nowytekst);    //ź
        $nowytekst = str_replace("%u017C","\xBF",$nowytekst);    //ż
        
    return ($nowytekst);
}
?>

In my case also the code file that deals with AJAX calls must be in UTF-8 coding.

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Ajgor ¶

17 years ago


small upgrade for polish decoding:

function utf82iso88592($text) {
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x85", 'ą', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x84", 'Ą', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x87", 'ć', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x86", 'Ć', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x99", 'ę', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC4\x98", 'Ę', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\x82", 'ł', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\x81", 'Ł', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC3\xB3", 'ó', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC3\x93", 'Ó', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\x9B", 'ś', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\x9A", 'Ś', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\xBC", 'ż', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\xBB", 'Ż', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\xBA", 'ż', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xC5\xB9", 'Ż', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xc5\x84", 'ń', $text);
 $text = str_replace("\xc5\x83", 'Ń', $text);

return $text;
} // utf82iso88592

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gto at interia dot pl ¶

21 years ago


Correction to function converting utf82iso88592 and iso88592tutf8.
Janusz forgot about "&#324;", and "&#380;" exchanged from "&#378;" here and there.

GTo

function utf82iso88592($tekscik) {
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x85", "&#261;", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x84", '&#260;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x87", '&#263;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x86", '&#262;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x99", '&#281;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC4\x98", '&#280;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x82", '&#322;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x81", '&#321;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x84", '&#324;', $tekscik);     
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x83", '&#323;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC3\xB3", '?', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC3\x93", '?', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x9B", '&#347;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\x9A", '&#346;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\xBC", '&#380;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\xBB", '&#379;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\xBA", '&#378;', $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace("\xC5\xB9", '&#377;', $tekscik);
     return $tekscik;
} // utf82iso88592

function iso885922utf8($tekscik) {
     $tekscik = str_replace("&#261;", "\xC4\x85", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#260;', "\xC4\x84", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#263;', "\xC4\x87", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#262;', "\xC4\x86", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#281;', "\xC4\x99", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#280;', "\xC4\x98", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#322;', "\xC5\x82", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#321;', "\xC5\x81", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#324;', "\xC5\x84", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#323;',"\xC5\x83", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('?', "\xC3\xB3", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('?', "\xC3\x93", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#347;', "\xC5\x9B", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#346;', "\xC5\x9A", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#380;', "\xC5\xBC", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#379;', "\xC5\xBB", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#378;', "\xC5\xBA", $tekscik);
     $tekscik = str_replace('&#377;', "\xC5\xB9", $tekscik);     
     return $tekscik;
} // iso885922utf8

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2ge at NO2geSPAM dot us ¶

18 years ago


Hello all,



I like to use COOL (nice) URIs, example: http://example.com/try-something

I'm using UTF8 as input, so I have to write a function UTF8toASCII to have nice URI. Here is what I come with:



<?php

function urlize($url) {

 $search = array('/[^a-z0-9]/', '/--+/', '/^-+/', '/-+$/' );

 $replace = array( '-', '-', '', '');

 return preg_replace($search, $replace, utf2ascii($url));

}     



function utf2ascii($string) {

 $iso88591  = "\\xE0\\xE1\\xE2\\xE3\\xE4\\xE5\\xE6\\xE7";

 $iso88591 .= "\\xE8\\xE9\\xEA\\xEB\\xEC\\xED\\xEE\\xEF";

 $iso88591 .= "\\xF0\\xF1\\xF2\\xF3\\xF4\\xF5\\xF6\\xF7";

 $iso88591 .= "\\xF8\\xF9\\xFA\\xFB\\xFC\\xFD\\xFE\\xFF";

 $ascii = "aaaaaaaceeeeiiiidnooooooouuuuyyy";

 return strtr(mb_strtolower(utf8_decode($string), 'ISO-8859-1'),$iso88591,$ascii);

}



echo urlize("Fucking ?m?l");



?>



I hope this helps someone.

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haugas at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


If you don't know exactly, how many times your string is encoded, you can use this function:

<?php

function _utf8_decode($string)
{
  $tmp = $string;
  $count = 0;
  while (mb_detect_encoding($tmp)=="UTF-8")
  {
    $tmp = utf8_decode($tmp);
    $count++;
  }
  
  for ($i = 0; $i < $count-1 ; $i++)
  {
    $string = utf8_decode($string);
    
  }
  return $string;
  
}

?>

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yannikh at gmeil dot com ¶

18 years ago


I had to tackle a very interesting problem:

I wanted to replace all \xXX in a text by it's letters. Unfortunatelly XX were ASCII and not utf8. I solved my problem that way:
<?php preg_replace ('/\\\\x([0-9a-fA-F]{2})/e', "pack('H*',utf8_decode('\\1'))",$v); ?>

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Sadi ¶

17 years ago


Once again about polish letters. If you use fananf's solution, make sure that PHP file is coded with cp1250 or else it won't work. It's quite obvious, however I spent some time before I finally figured that out, so I thought I post it here.

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fhoech ¶

19 years ago


Sorry, I had a typo in my last comment. Corrected regexp:

^([\\x00-\\x7f]|
[\\xc2-\\xdf][\\x80-\\xbf]|
\\xe0[\\xa0-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbf]|
[\\xe1-\\xec][\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
\\xed[\\x80-\\x9f][\\x80-\\xbf]|
\\xef[\\x80-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbd]|
\\xee[\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
\xf0[\\x90-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
[\\xf1-\\xf3][\\x80-\\xbf]{3}|
\\xf4[\\x80-\\x8f][\\x80-\\xbf]{2})*$

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tobias at code-x dot de ¶

18 years ago


converting uft8-html sign &#301; to uft8

<?
function uft8html2utf8( $s ) {
        if ( !function_exists('uft8html2utf8_callback') ) {
             function uft8html2utf8_callback($t) {
                     $dec = $t[1];
            if ($dec < 128) {
              $utf = chr($dec);
            } else if ($dec < 2048) {
              $utf = chr(192 + (($dec - ($dec % 64)) / 64));
              $utf .= chr(128 + ($dec % 64));
            } else {
              $utf = chr(224 + (($dec - ($dec % 4096)) / 4096));
              $utf .= chr(128 + ((($dec % 4096) - ($dec % 64)) / 64));
              $utf .= chr(128 + ($dec % 64));
            }
            return $utf;
             }
        }                                
        return preg_replace_callback('|&#([0-9]{1,});|', 'uft8html2utf8_callback', $s );                                 
}
echo uft8html2utf8('test: &#301;');
?>

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fhoech ¶

19 years ago


JF Sebastian's regex is almost perfect as far as I'm concerned. I found one error (it failed section 5.3 "Other illegal code positions" from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-test.txt) which I corrected as follows:

^([\\x00-\\x7f]|
[\\xc2-\\xdf][\\x80-\\xbf]|
\\xe0[\\xa0-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbf]|
[\\xe1-\\xec][\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
\\xed[\\x80-\\x9f][\\x80-\\xbf]|
\\xef[\\x80-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbc]|
\\xee[\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
\\xf0[\\x90-\\xbf][\\x80-\\xbf]{2}|
[\\xf1-\\xf3][\\x80-\\xbf]{3}|
\\xf4[\\x80-\\x8f][\\x80-\\xbf]{2})*$

(Again, concatenate to one single line to make it work)

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