Security advice: Although it is not documented, for the parameters $to and $subject the mail() function changes at least \r and \n to space. So these parameters are safe against injection of additional headers. But you might want to check $to for commas as these separate multiple addresses and you might not want to send to more than one recipient.
The crucial part is the $additional_headers parameter. This parameter can't be cleaned by the mail() function. So it is up to you to prevent unwanted \r or \n to be inserted into the values you put in there. Otherwise you just created a potential spam distributor.
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
mail — Envia e-mail
Descrição
mail(
string
string
string
array|string
string
): bool
string
$to,string
$subject,string
$message,array|string
$additional_headers = [],string
$additional_params = ""): bool
Envia um e-mail.
Parâmetros
-
to -
Destinatário, ou destinatários do e-mail.
O formato desta string precisa estar de acordo com a » RFC 2822. Alguns exemplos:
- user@example.com
- user@example.com, anotheruser@example.com
- User
- User
-
subject -
Assunto do e-mail a ser enviado.
CuidadoAssunto deve satisfazer a » RFC 2047.
-
message -
Mensagem a ser enviada.
Cada linha deve ser separada com um CRLF (\r\n). Linhas não devem ser maiores que 70 caracteres.
Cuidado(Somente Windows) Quando o PHP está se comunicando com o servidor SMTP diretamente, e um ponto final é encontrado no início de uma linha, ela é removida. Para se defender disto, substitua estas ocorrência por dois pontos seguidos.
<?php
$text = str_replace("\n.", "\n..", $text);
?> -
additional_headers(opcional) -
String ou array a ser inserido no final do cabeçalho do e-mail.
Isto é tipicamente usado para adicionar cabeçalhos extras (From, Cc, e Bcc). Múltiplos cabeçalhos extras devem ser separados com um CRLF (\r\n). Se dados externos forem usados para compor este cabeçalho, os dados devem ser sanitizados para que nenhum cabeçalho indesejado possa ser injetado.
Se um array for passado, suas chaves são os nomes dos cabeçalhos e seus valores são os respectivos valores dos cabeçalhos.
Nota:
Ao enviar e-mail, ele precisa conter um cabeçalho
From. Este pode ser definido com o parâmetroadditional_headers, ou um padrão pode ser definido no php.ini.Se isto não foi feito, ocorrerá uma mensagem de erro similar a
Warning: mail(): "sendmail_from" not set in php.ini or custom "From:" header missing. O cabeçalhoFromdefine também oReturn-Pathao enviar diretamente via SMTP (Windows somente).Nota:
Se mensagens não estão sendo recebidas, tente usar somente um LF (\n). Alguns agentes Unix de transferência de e-mail (mais notavelmente » qmail) substituem LF por CRLF automaticamente (que leva à duplicação de CR se CRLF for usado). Este deve ser um último recurso, porque não está conforme a » RFC 2822.
-
additional_params(opcional) -
O parâmetro
additional_paramspode ser usado para passar um parâmetro adicional para o programa configurado para usa quando enviando e-mail usando a configuraçãosendmail_path. Por exemplo, isto pode ser usado para definir o endereço do envelope remetente quando usando sendmail com a opção do sendmail-f.Este parâmetro é escapado por escapeshellcmd() internamente para prevenir a execução do comando. escapeshellcmd() impede a execução de comandos, mas permite adicionar parâmetros adicionais. Por razões de segurança, é recomendado que o usuário higienize este parâmetro para evitar adicionar parâmetros indesejados ao comando shell.
Uma vez que escapeshellcmd() é aplicada automaticamente, alguns caracteres que são permitidos como endereços de e-mail por RFCs da Internet não podem ser usados. mail() não pode permitir tais caracteres, portanto, em programas onde o uso de tais caracteres é necessário, meios alternativos de envio de e-mails (como o uso de um framework ou biblioteca) são recomendados.
O usuário com o qual o servidor web roda deve ser adicionado como um usuário confiável à configuração do sendmail para evitar que um cabeçalho 'X-Warning' seja adicionado à mensagem quando o remetente do envelope (-f) é definido usando este método. Para usuários do sendmail, este arquivo é /etc/mail/trusted-users.
Valor Retornado
Retorna true se o e-mail foi aceito com sucesso para entrega, false caso contrário.
É importante notar que somente pelo fato do e-mail ter sido aceito para entrega, NÃO significa que o e-mail realmente alcancará o destino esperado.
Exemplos
Exemplo #1 Enviando e-mail.
Usando mail() para enviar um simples e-mail:
<?php
// A mensagem
$message = "Line 1\r\nLine 2\r\nLine 3";
// Se as linhas forem maiores que 70 caracteres, deve-se usar wordwrap()
$message = wordwrap($message, 70, "\r\n");
// Envia
mail('caffeinated@example.com', 'Meu Assunto', $message);
?>Exemplo #2 Enviando e-mail com cabeçalhos extras.
A adição de cabeçalhos básicos, informando à MUA os endereços From e Reply-To:
<?php
$to = 'nobody@example.com';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = 'From: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
'Reply-To: webmaster@example.com' . "\r\n" .
'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>Exemplo #3 Enviando e-mail com cabeçalhos extras no formato array
Este exemplo envia o mesmo e-mail que o exemplo imediatamente acima, mas passa os cabeçalhos adicionais como array (disponível a partir do PHP 7.2.0).
<?php
$to = 'nobody@example.com';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = array(
'From' => 'webmaster@example.com',
'Reply-To' => 'webmaster@example.com',
'X-Mailer' => 'PHP/' . phpversion()
);
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>Exemplo #4 Enviando e-mail com um parâmetro de linha de comando adicional.
O parâmetro additional_params pode ser
usado para passar um parâmetro adicional para o programa
configurado para usar ao enviar e-mail usando o sendmail_path.
<?php
mail('nobody@example.com', 'the subject', 'the message', null,
'-fwebmaster@example.com');
?>Exemplo #5 Enviando e-mail HTML
É também possível enviar e-mail HTML com mail().
<?php
// Múltiplos recipientes
$to = 'joao@example.com, susana@example.com'; // observe a vírgula
// Assunto
$subject = 'Lembrete de Aniversários para Novembro';
// Message
$message = '
<html>
<head>
<title>Lembrete de Aniversários para Novembro</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Aqui estão os próximos aniversariantes de novembro!</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Pessoa</th><th>Dia</th><th>Mês</th><th>Ano</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>João</td><td>10</td><td>Agosto</td><td>1990</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Susana</td><td>17</td><td>Agosto</td><td>2003</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
';
// Para enviar e-mail HTML, o cabeçalho Content-type deve ser definido
$headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
$headers[] = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';
// Cabeçalhos adicionais
$headers[] = 'To: Maria <maria@example.com>, Rafael <rafael@example.com>';
$headers[] = 'From: Lembrete de Aniversário <niver@example.com>';
$headers[] = 'Cc: arquivo_niver@example.com';
$headers[] = 'Bcc: verifica_niver@example.com';
// Envia o e-mail
mail($to, $subject, $message, implode("\r\n", $headers));
?>
Nota:
Se a intenção é enviar e-mail HTML ou outro formato complexo, é recomendado usar o pacote PEAR » PEAR::Mail_Mime.
Notas
Nota:
A implentação SMTP (somente Windows) de mail() difere bastante da implentação do sendmail. Primeiro, ele não usa um binário local para compor mensagens mas apenas opera com sockets diretos, o que significa que uma
MTAé necessária monitorando um socket de rede (que pode ser ou o localhost ou uma máquina remota).Segundo, cabeçalhos customizados como
From:,Cc:,Bcc:eDate:não são interpretados pelaMTA, mas são analisados pelo PHP.Desta forma, o parâmetro
tonão deve ser um endereço na forma de "Algo <alguem@example.com>". O comando de e-mail poderia não analisar isto adequadamente enquanto se comunica com o MTA.
Nota:
É válido notar que a função mail() não é apropriada para um grande volume de e-mail em um loop. Esta função abre e fecha um SMTP socket para cada e-mail, o que não é muito eficiente.
Para enviar uma grande quantidade de e-mail, veja os pacotes » PEAR::Mail, e » PEAR::Mail_Queue.
Nota:
O seguintes RFCs podem ser úteis: » RFC 1896, » RFC 2045, » RFC 2046, » RFC 2047, » RFC 2048, » RFC 2049 e » RFC 2822.
Veja Também
- mb_send_mail() - Envia email codificado
- imap_mail() - Send an email message
- » PEAR::Mail
- » PEAR::Mail_Mime
add a note
User Contributed Notes 20 notes
Anonymous ¶
7 years ago
php at simoneast dot net ¶
7 years ago
Often it's helpful to find the exact error message that is triggered by the mail() function. While the function doesn't provide an error directly, you can use error_get_last() when mail() returns false.
<?php
$success = mail('example@example.com', 'My Subject', $message);
if (!$success) {
$errorMessage = error_get_last()['message'];
}
?>
(Tested successfully on Windows which uses SMTP by default, but sendmail on Linux/OSX may not provide the same level of detail.)
Thanks to https://stackoverflow.com/a/20203870/195835
priyanshkala3 at gmail dot com ¶
11 months ago
Sending mail using XAMPP server
I encountered numerous issues while attempting to send emails using the XAMPP server. However, I eventually found the correct method to accomplish it.
Configuring PHP's mail functionality to work with Gmail's SMTP server involves editing the `php.ini` and `sendmail.ini` configuration files. Below are the formal steps for setting up PHP to send emails through Gmail's SMTP server using XAMPP:
Configuring php.ini:
1. Open `php.ini` in an editor:
Open the `php.ini` configuration file in your preferred text editor.
2. Locate the mail function:
Use the search function (Ctrl + F) to find the section related to the mail function within the `php.ini` file.
3. Update mail function settings:
Copy and paste the following configuration parameters into the mail function section. Comment out or disable all other settings related to mail.
php.ini code to be edited:
SMTP=smtp.gmail.com
smtp_port=587
sendmail_from = yourmail@gmail.com
sendmail_path = write_sendmail.exe_path
4. Save the changes:
Save the `php.ini` file after applying the modifications.
Configuring sendmail.ini (in XAMPP folder):
1. Open `sendmail.ini` in XAMPP folder:
Locate and open the `sendmail.ini` configuration file within the XAMPP directory.
2. Adjust SMTP settings:
Insert the following content into the `sendmail.ini` file, marking other configurations as comments:
sendmail.ini code :
smtp_server=smtp.gmail.com
smtp_port=587
error_logfile=error.log
debug_logfile=debug.log
auth_username=yourmail@gmail.com
auth_password=app_password_after_enabling_two_factor_authentication_for_your_mail_id
force_sender=priyansh.kala.4@gmail.com
3. Save the changes:
Save the `sendmail.ini` file after inserting the specified configurations.
These steps configure PHP to utilize Gmail's SMTP server for sending emails. Ensure that the modifications are saved and that the necessary XAMPP services are restarted for the changes to take effect.
Please note that using hardcoded passwords in configuration files poses a security risk. Storing passwords directly in plain text files should be avoided in production environments. Consider using environment variables or secure credential management systems for better security practices.
Code for sending mail-:
<?php
$subject = "Mail for checking";
$msg = "Hey! Let us play with PHP.";
$receiver = "reciever@gmail.com";
mail($receiver, $subject, $msg);
?>
Anonymous ¶
5 years ago
If you notice wrong displayed characters in the email it's because you need to properly set the Content-Type and the Charset in the headers of the email:
<?php
$headers = 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
?>
Mostly, UTF-8 is your best choice.
You can set custom headers with the fourth parameter of the mail() function.
To make the whole thing waterproof, add the following header too:
<?php
$headers .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' . "\r\n";
?>
Now you can use the combination of UTF-8 and Base64 to properly encode the subject line and the recipient name like this:
<?php
$subject = '=?UTF-8?B?' . base64_encode('Test email with German Umlauts öäüß') . '?=';
$recipient = '=?UTF-8?B?' . base64_encode('Margret Müller') . '?= <recipient@domain.com>';
?>
And don't forget to Base64 encode the email message too:
<?php
$message = base64_encode('This email contains German Umlauts öäüß.');
?>
All references are taken from:
https://dev.to/lutvit/how-to-make-the-php-mail-function-awesome-3cii
pangz dot lab at gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
* Sending email with attachment
function sendMail(
string $fileAttachment,
string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"],
string $subject = MAIL_CONF["subject"],
string $toAddress = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"],
string $fromMail = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"]
): bool {
$fileAttachment = trim($fileAttachment);
$from = $fromMail;
$pathInfo = pathinfo($fileAttachment);
$attchmentName = "attachment_".date("YmdHms").(
(isset($pathInfo['extension']))? ".".$pathInfo['extension'] : ""
);
$attachment = chunk_split(base64_encode(file_get_contents($fileAttachment)));
$boundary = "PHP-mixed-".md5(time());
$boundWithPre = "\n--".$boundary;
$headers = "From: $from";
$headers .= "\nReply-To: $from";
$headers .= "\nContent-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"".$boundary."\"";
$message = $boundWithPre;
$message .= "\n Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n";
$message .= "\n $mailMessage";
$message .= $boundWithPre;
$message .= "\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream; name=\"".$attchmentName."\"";
$message .= "\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n";
$message .= "\nContent-Disposition: attachment\n";
$message .= $attachment;
$message .= $boundWithPre."--";
return mail($toAddress, $subject, $message, $headers);
}
* Sending email in html
function sendHtmlMail(
string $mailMessage = MAIL_CONF["mailMessage"],
string $subject = MAIL_CONF["subject"],
array $toAddress = MAIL_CONF["toAddress"],
string $fromMail = MAIL_CONF["fromMail"]
): bool {
$to = implode(",", $toAddress);
$headers[] = 'MIME-Version: 1.0';
$headers[] = 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1';
$headers[] = 'To: '.$to;
$headers[] = 'From: '.$fromMail;
return mail($to, $subject, $mailMessage, implode("\r\n", $headers));
}
Mark Simon ¶
5 years ago
It is worth noting that you can set up a fake sendmail program using the sendmail_path directive in php.ini.
Despite the comment in that file, sendmail_path also works for Window. From https://www.php.net/manual/en/mail.configuration.php#ini.sendmail-path:
This directive works also under Windows. If set, smtp, smtp_port and sendmail_from are ignored and the specified command is executed.
charles dot fisher at arconic dot com ¶
7 years ago
I migrated an application to a platform without a local transport agent (MTA). I did not want to configure an MTA, so I wrote this xxmail function to replace mail() with calls to a remote SMTP server. Hopefully it is of some use.
function xxmail($to, $subject, $body, $headers)
{
$smtp = stream_socket_client('tcp://smtp.yourmail.com:25', $eno, $estr, 30);
$B = 8192;
$c = "\r\n";
$s = 'myapp@someserver.com';
fwrite($smtp, 'helo ' . $_ENV['HOSTNAME'] . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
// Envelope
fwrite($smtp, 'mail from: ' . $s . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
fwrite($smtp, 'rcpt to: ' . $to . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
fwrite($smtp, 'data' . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
// Header
fwrite($smtp, 'To: ' . $to . $c);
if(strlen($subject)) fwrite($smtp, 'Subject: ' . $subject . $c);
if(strlen($headers)) fwrite($smtp, $headers); // Must be \r\n (delimited)
fwrite($smtp, $headers . $c);
// Body
if(strlen($body)) fwrite($smtp, $body . $c);
fwrite($smtp, $c . '.' . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
// Close
fwrite($smtp, 'quit' . $c);
$junk = fgets($smtp, $B);
fclose($smtp);
}
chris at ocproducts dot com ¶
7 years ago
The 'sendmail' executable which PHP uses on Linux/Mac (not Windows) expects "\n" as a line separator.
This executable is a standard, and emulated by other MTAs.
"\n" is confirmed required for qmail and postfix, probably also for sendmail and exim but I have not tested.
If you pass through using "\r\n" as a separator it may appear to work, but your email will be subtly corrupted and some middleware may break. It only works because some systems will clean up your mistake.
If you are implementing DKIM be very careful, as DKIM checks will fail (at least on popular validation tools) if you screw this up. DKIM must be calculated using "\r\n" but then you must switch it all to "\n" when using the PHP mail function.
On Windows, however, you should use "\r\n" because PHP is using SMTP in this situation, and hence the normal rules of the SMTP protocol (not the normal rules of Unix piping) apply.
Porjo ¶
14 years ago
Make sure you enclose \r\n in double quotes (not single quotes!) so that PHP can translate that into the correct linefeed code
eeeugeneee ¶
7 years ago
Send mail with minimal requirements from email services.
<?php
$encoding = "utf-8";
// Preferences for Subject field
$subject_preferences = array(
"input-charset" => $encoding,
"output-charset" => $encoding,
"line-length" => 76,
"line-break-chars" => "\r\n"
);
// Mail header
$header = "Content-type: text/html; charset=".$encoding." \r\n";
$header .= "From: ".$from_name." <".$from_mail."> \r\n";
$header .= "MIME-Version: 1.0 \r\n";
$header .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit \r\n";
$header .= "Date: ".date("r (T)")." \r\n";
$header .= iconv_mime_encode("Subject", $mail_subject, $subject_preferences);
// Send mail
mail($mail_to, $mail_subject, $mail_message, $header);
?>
atesin > gmail ¶
1 year ago
mail() internals:
doing some tests i can say... if sendmail_path is defined in php.ini or by ini.set(), by calling function like...
mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers, $params)
would be like if php open a shell internally, execute this command, send this text to stdin, and return true if return value == 0
------------
shell> $sendmail_path $params
To: $to
Subject: $subject
$headers
$message
(EOF)
------------
in windows instead using php smtp which is very limited, i prefer to force use sendmail-like behavior, by setting sendmail_path and then use msmtp for windows
pavel.lint at vk.com ¶
12 years ago
Here's a small handy function I use to send email in UTF-8.
<?php
function mail_utf8($to, $from_user, $from_email,
$subject = '(No subject)', $message = '')
{
$from_user = "=?UTF-8?B?".base64_encode($from_user)."?=";
$subject = "=?UTF-8?B?".base64_encode($subject)."?=";
$headers = "From: $from_user <$from_email>\r\n".
"MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n" .
"Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8" . "\r\n";
return mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
}
?>
ABOMB ¶
12 years ago
I was having delivery issues from this function to Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, etc. I used the notes here to figure that you need to be setting your Return-Path to a valid email to catch bounces. There are two extra delivery gotchas on top of that:
1) The domain in the email used in the -f option in the php.ini sendmail parameter or in the mail() extra parameters field, needs to have a valid SPF record for the domain (in DNS as a "TXT" record type for sure and add an additional "SPF" type record if possible). Why? That's header field being used for spam checks.
2) You should also use a domain key or DKIM. The trick here is that the domain key/DKIM is case sensitive! I used Cpanel to create my domain key which automatically used all lowercase domain names in the key creation. I found when sending email and using a camel case "-f account@MyDomainHere.Com" option, my key was not accepted. However it was accepted when I used "-f account@mydomainhere.com".
There are many other factors that can contribute to mail not getting to inboxes, including your own multiple failed testing attempts, so I suggest you consult each site's guidelines and don't ask me for help. These are just the couple technical issues that helped my case.
I hope this saves someone some time and headaches...
Ben Cooke ¶
18 years ago
Note that there is a big difference between the behavior of this function on Windows systems vs. UNIX systems. On Windows it delivers directly to an SMTP server, while on a UNIX system it uses a local command to hand off to the system's own MTA.
The upshot of all this is that on a Windows system your message and headers must use the standard line endings \r\n as prescribed by the email specs. On a UNIX system the MTA's "sendmail" interface assumes that recieved data will use UNIX line endings and will turn any \n to \r\n, so you must supply only \n to mail() on a UNIX system to avoid the MTA hypercorrecting to \r\r\n.
If you use plain old \n on a Windows system, some MTAs will get a little upset. qmail in particular will refuse outright to accept any message that has a lonely \n without an accompanying \r.
rexlorenzo at gmail dot com ¶
12 years ago
Be careful to not put extra spaces for the $headers variable.
For example, this didn't work on our servers:
$headers = "From: $from \r\n Bcc: $bcc \r\n";
But this did:
$headers = "From: $from\r\nBcc: $bcc\r\n";
Notice the removal of the spaces around the first \r\n.
Anonymous ¶
1 year ago
So far I used the following to make sure special charakters where correctly shown in the mail subject:
<?php $subject = '=?utf-8?B?' . base64_encode($subject) . '?='; ?>
But with very long subjects, the header line gets longer than 76 chars and some e-mail servers really don't like that... So this is my new solution:
<?php $subject = substr(mb_encode_mimeheader("Subject: " . $subject, 'utf-8', 'B', "\r\n", 0), 9); ?>
Please note: I added "Subject: " in front of $subject and stripped it of afterwards. This is to make sure, that the necessarry space is reserved, as PHP will add the "Subject: " itself...
andrew at my-syte dot com ¶
2 years ago
Regarding To:
be careful not to duplicate To in the additional_headers,
lest gmail already flags it thus:
host gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com [142.251.xx.xx]
SMTP error from remote mail server after end of data:
550-5.7.1 [xxx.xxx.xx.xx] This message is not RFC 5322 compliant, the issue is:
550-5.7.1 duplicate To headers. To reduce the amount of spam sent to Gmail,
550-5.7.1 this message has been blocked. Please review
550 5.7.1 RFC 5322 specifications for more information.
Max AT ¶
12 years ago
To define a mail sensitivity you have to put this line in the headers:
<?php
$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" ;
$headers .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n";
$headers .= "Sensitivity: Personal\n";
$status = mail($to, $subject, $message,$headers);
?>
Possible Options:
Sensitivity: Normal, Personal, Private and Company-Confidential
These will be recognised and handled in Outlook, Thunderbird and others.
php dot net at schrecktech dot com ¶
19 years ago
When sending MIME email make sure you follow the documentation with the "70" characters per line...you may end up with missing characters...and that is really hard to track down...
