the idea is never to give out file names, line numbers, and cryptic codes to the user. Use trigger_error() after you used set_error_handler() to register your own callback function which either logs or emails the error codes to you, and echo a simple friendly message to the user.
And turn on a more verbose error handler function when you need to debug your scripts. In my init.php scripts I always have:
if (_DEBUG_) {
set_error_handler ('debug_error_handler');
}
else {
set_error_handler ('nice_error_handler');
}
trigger_error
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.1, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
trigger_error — Gera uma mensagem a nível de usuário de erro/alerta/nota
Descrição
Usado para disparar uma condição de erro, pode ser usado em conjunto com o gerenciador de erro interno, ou com uma função definida pelo usuário que tenha sido definida como novo gerenciador de erro (set_error_handler()).
Esta função é útil quando for necessário gerar uma resposta em particular a uma exceção em tempo de execução.
Parâmetros
-
message -
A mensagem de erro designada para este erro. É limitada a 1024 bytes em tamanho. Quaisquer caracteres adicionais além de 1024 bytes serão truncados.
-
error_level -
O tipo de erro designado para este erro. Funciona apenas com a família de constantes E_USER, e o padrão é
E_USER_NOTICE.
Valor Retornado
Esta função retorna false se for especificado um error_level
incorreto, true caso contrário.
Exemplos
Exemplo #1 Exemplo de trigger_error()
Consulte set_error_handler() para um exemplo mais extensivo.
<?php
if (assert($divisor == 0)) {
trigger_error("Não é possível dividir por zero", E_USER_ERROR);
}
?>Notas
Aviso
As entidades HTML contidas no parâmetro message
não são escapadas. Utilize htmlentities() na mensagem
se for necessário exibir o erro em um navegador.
Veja Também
- error_reporting() - Define quais erros do PHP são relatados
- set_error_handler() - Define uma função de usuário para manipulação de erro
- restore_error_handler() - Restaura a função anterior de gerenciamento de erro
- As constantes de nível de erro
add a note
User Contributed Notes 16 notes
someone at attbi dot com ¶
21 years ago
Howard Yeend ¶
15 years ago
trigger_error always reports the line and file that trigger_error was called on. Which isn't very useful.
eg:
main.php:
<?php
include('functions.php');
$x = 'test';
doFunction($x);
?>
functions.php:
<?php
function doFunction($var) {
if(is_numeric($var)) {
/* do some stuff*/
} else {
trigger_error('var must be numeric');
}
}
?>
will output "Notice: var must be numeric in functions.php on line 6"
whereas "Notice: var must be numeric in main.php on line 4" would be more useful
here's a function to do that:
<?php
function error($message, $level=E_USER_NOTICE) {
$caller = next(debug_backtrace());
trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$caller['function'].'</strong> called from <strong>'.$caller['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$caller['line'].'</strong>'."\n<br />error handler", $level);
}
?>
So now in our example:
main.php:
<?php
include('functions.php');
$x = 'test';
doFunction($x);
?>
functions.php:
<?php
function doFunction($var) {
if(is_numeric($var)) {
/* do some stuff*/
} else {
error('var must be numeric');
}
}
function error($message, $level=E_USER_NOTICE) {
$caller = next(debug_backtrace());
trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$caller['function'].'</strong> called from <strong>'.$caller['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$caller['line'].'</strong>'."\n<br />error handler", $level);
}
?>
now outputs:
"Notice: var must be numeric in doFunction called from main.php on line 4"
richard at 2006 dot atterer dot net ¶
18 years ago
Beware, trigger_error() is absolutely useless for transporting your own function's error messages in $php_errormsg:
ini_set('track_errors', TRUE);
function x() { trigger_error('MY ERROR'); }
@x();
echo "Error 1: \\"$php_errormsg\\"\\n";
@file_get_contents('/nonexisting');
echo "Error 2: \\"$php_errormsg\\"\\n";
This outputs:
Error 1: ""
Error 2: "failed to open stream: No such file or directory"
This behaviour is consistent with the description of $php_errormsg, which says that the variable will only be available within the scope in which the error occurred. The problem can be worked around with a custom error handler like the one below. However, I'm undecided whether changing the language in this way is good:
function errHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
global $php_errormsg; $php_errormsg = $errstr;
}
set_error_handler('errHandler');
aydin dot kn12 at gmail dot com ¶
10 years ago
If error_type is E_USER_ERROR then trigger_error throw FATAL ERROR and script stopped after this line.
<?php
$msg = 'This is the test message for echo';
trigger_error('Error message', E_USER_ERROR); // Script stopped after this line...
echo $msg; // This line does not appear...
?>
spravce at jednota dot podborany dot cz ¶
5 years ago
Trigger error does not trim 1024+ chars length messages if you use your own error handler
dzn'tM@ter ¶
20 years ago
Some might think that trigger_error is like a throw() or an err.raise construction, and @ works like catch(){} one - in fact it's NOT.
function badgirl(){
trigger_error("shame on me",E_USER_ERROR);
return true;
}
$sheis = @badgirl();
echo "You will never see this line - @ only supress message, not a control flow";
PhpMyCoder ¶
14 years ago
For those of you looking to use your own file or line number in the error (possibly using debug_backtrace()) instead of the ones created by trigger_error(), here is a solution:
Create a custom function to handle E_USER_ERRORs that simply outputs the error type and message, while excluding the line number and file trigger_error() reports. You may also configure it to handle user warnings and notices if necessary (I did in the example below).
<?php
function error_handler($level, $message, $file, $line, $context) {
//Handle user errors, warnings, and notices ourself
if($level === E_USER_ERROR || $level === E_USER_WARNING || $level === E_USER_NOTICE) {
echo '<strong>Error:</strong> '.$message;
return(true); //And prevent the PHP error handler from continuing
}
return(false); //Otherwise, use PHP's error handler
}
function trigger_my_error($message, $level) {
//Get the caller of the calling function and details about it
$callee = next(debug_backtrace());
//Trigger appropriate error
trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$callee['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$callee['line'].'</strong>', $level);
}
//Use our custom handler
set_error_handler('error_handler');
//-------------------------------
//Demo usage:
//-------------------------------
function abc($str) {
if(!is_string($str)) {
trigger_my_error('abc() expects parameter 1 to be a string', E_USER_ERROR);
}
}
abc('Hello world!'); //Works
abc(18); //Error: abc() expects parameter 1 to be a string in [FILE].php on line 31
?>
This is a pretty simple concept and I'm sure most of you know this, but for those that don't, let it serve as a good example!
mail at dooley dot cjb dot net ¶
21 years ago
i recently began using a custom error handling class. the biggest problem is that, with call time pass by reference deprecated, you can't manipulate the error handler class after assigning at as the error handler (and it appears not to be returned by the set_error_handler method as the old error handler). my goal was to be able to store up all my non-fatal errors and print them at the end of script execution. that way i can use 'trigger_error' (which i actually have wrapped in a static method ErrorHandler::throwException for portability purposes... which is a pain because it always has the same line number information!!) for all kinds of errors, including user input erros. so when i check a user's password, for instance i would trigger a warning that said 'incorrect password'. of course i would only want this to print out the error once the script had completed.
so in my error handler class i have the following in the constructor:
function ErrorHandler()
{
$this->error_messages = array();
error_reporting (E_ALL);
set_error_handler(array($this,"assignError"));
}
and my assignError method:
//accept the required arguments
function assignError($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline)
{
//get the error string
$error_message = $errstr;
//if in debug mode, add line number and file info
if(ErrorHandler::DEBUG())
$error_message .= "<br>".basename($errfile).",line: ".$errline;
switch ($errno)
{
//if the error was fatal, then add the error
//display an error page and exit
case ErrorHandler::FATAL():
$this->setType('Fatal');
$this->addError($error_message);
Display::errorPage($this->errorMessages());
exit(1);
break;
//if it was an error message, add a message of
//type error
case ErrorHandler::ERROR():
$this->setType('Error');
$this->addError($error_message);
break;
//if it was a warning, add a message of type
//warning
case ErrorHandler::WARNING():
$this->setType('Warning');
$this->addError($error_message);
break;
//if it was some other code then display all
//the error messages that were added
default:
Display::errorRows($this->errorMessages());
break;
}
//return a value so that the script will continue
//execution
return 1;
}
the key part there is the 'default' behaviour. i found that if i call trigger_error with anything other than E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING or E_USER_NOTICE, then error code '2' is passed to the handler method. so when it is time to print all my non-fatal errors, like 'password and confirm password don't match' or something, i call ErrorHandler::printAllErrors()
function printAllErrors()
{
trigger_error("",2);
}
which leads to the default behaviour in my switch statement in the assignError method above. the only problem with this is that the weird bug 'Problem with method call' that occurs with some static method calls (that one person on the bug lists said was fixed and another said wouldn't be fixed until version 5) also produces error code 2!! i have just taken to suppressing these errors with @, because despite the alledged problem with the method call, the script still seems to execute fine.
iain.
tudor AT iccblue DOT com DOT nospam ¶
15 years ago
It actually turns out - at least on PHP 5.2.6 on XAMPP (Windows) that for the custom error handler, you will need to set $errorType as the first parameter, and only the second parameter as $message, i.e. in reverse order compared to how the manual states it now.
robert at klugher dot com ¶
21 years ago
This one took me some time ...
When you use trigger_error with your own error handler, the class instances are destroyed (don't know how to say it better, I am not an expert).
So, if you try to call a class function from within the error handler function, you will get 'Call to a member function on a non-object' error, even if this function works perfectly in the rest of your script.
Solution : re-use the xxx = new yyy to re-create the instance in the beginning of your error handler ... and then you can call the class functions you want !
eslindsey at gmail dot com ¶
8 years ago
For those of you wanting one (or more) lines of context on your call to trigger_error, I offer this. Would be nice to use \n to get a proper stack trace, but it seems trigger_error escapes it; therefore, I use a comma.
<?php
/**
* Behaves like trigger_error, but appends part of a stack trace to the error
* message. This allows you to see where trigger_error was called from, instead
* of just seeing the file and line number of the call to trigger_error.
*
* @param error_msg The designated error message for this error
* @param error_type The designated error type for this error (E_USER_*)
* @param context Number of stack frames to append, defaults to 1
* @return FALSE if wrong error_type is specified, TRUE otherwise
*/
function trigger_error_with_context($error_msg, $error_type, $context = 1) {
$stack = debug_backtrace();
for ($i = 0; $i < $context; $i++)
{
if (false === ($frame = next($stack))
break;
$error_msg .= ", from " . $frame['function'] . ':' . $frame['file'] . ' line ' . $frame['line'];
}
return trigger_error($error_msg, $error_type);
}
?>
webmaster at paramiliar dot com ¶
16 years ago
We wanted to be able to pass an SQL query to the error handler on our site so we could monitor SQL problems, you cant do this through normal methods so we came up with this bridge script that 100% works
<?php
function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
switch ($errno) {
case E_USER_ERROR:
if ($errstr == "(SQL)"){
// handling an sql error
echo "<b>SQL Error</b> [$errno] " . SQLMESSAGE . "<br />\n";
echo "Query : " . SQLQUERY . "<br />\n";
echo "On line " . SQLERRORLINE . " in file " . SQLERRORFILE . " ";
echo ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
echo "Aborting...<br />\n";
} else {
echo "<b>My ERROR</b> [$errno] $errstr<br />\n";
echo " Fatal error on line $errline in file $errfile";
echo ", PHP " . PHP_VERSION . " (" . PHP_OS . ")<br />\n";
echo "Aborting...<br />\n";
}
exit(1);
break;
case E_USER_WARNING:
case E_USER_NOTICE:
}
/* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
return true;
}
// function to test the error handling
function sqlerrorhandler($ERROR, $QUERY, $PHPFILE, $LINE){
define("SQLQUERY", $QUERY);
define("SQLMESSAGE", $ERROR);
define("SQLERRORLINE", $LINE);
define("SQLERRORFILE", $PHPFILE);
trigger_error("(SQL)", E_USER_ERROR);
}
set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");
// trigger an sql error
$query = "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT 1";
$sql = @mysql_query($query)
or sqlerrorhandler("(".mysql_errno().") ".mysql_error(), $query, $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], __LINE__);
?>
mano at easymail dot hu ¶
19 years ago
I am not so familiar with this but I think you can reach some of the functionality of try..catch with this function. I would disagree or correct the previous note. The @ is not the catch, it sets the error_reporting to 0 tempolary but with set_error_handler you can try to imitate some behavior like catch.
I've just made this to try if it possible, I never tried in projects but I think could work in php 4. Actually if you want to have the Trace of the error you need to use php4.3+.
Maybe not many of you will create new scripts in php4 and try to have some features from php5 but in some cases (extending older projects) this could be better error handling.
If this is a wrong approach, waiting for comments, if its not, use it!
<?
function catch($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
$GLOBALS['throw'] = $errstr;
$GLOBALS['throw_info'] = array(
'Message'=>$errstr
,'Code'=>$errno
,'Line'=>$errline
,'File'=>$errfile
,'Trace'=>debug_backtrace()
);
}
set_error_handler('catch');
function badgirl(){
if(true){ //error occure
trigger_error("BadGirlWithError",E_USER_NOTICE); // as throw with notice
return; // ...because trigger_error does not stop the function
}else{
return true;
}
}
// Try
$GLOBALS['throw'] = null; // ...try...
$sheis = badgirl(); //could be @badgirl, display_errors is something else, this just the handling
// ..try
if($GLOBALS['throw']){ // This actually catch re-throws too...
switch($GLOBALS['throw']){ // Catch
case 'GoodGirlException':
die('No bad girl today!');
break;
case 'BadGirlWithError':
die('Bad girl has some error');
break;
default:
return; // or you can make another trigger_error and re-throw another 'exception' or some other action
}
}
echo "You will never see this line - @ only supress message, not a control flow";
echo "Wrong! You could see this:)";
?>
.mano
sl0th at r00thell dot ath dot cx ¶
21 years ago
Well this is a good way on debuging your php scripts, but i wouldn't feel
too comfortable by giving out my web servers structure.
Notice that what helps you finding and isolating errors in your php helps also a potential attacker.
Or maybe i am just paranoid, but its worth mention it.
ceo at l-i-e dot com ¶
22 years ago
You should be using set_error_handler (possibly in conjuction with error_log and/or trigger_error) if you want FILE and LINE number information.
You don't need macros for this.
phpmanual at allanid dot com ¶
2 years ago
Note that whether or not the script is terminated by this function call, is determined by the error_level.
Eg. E_USER_ERROR will terminate the script while E_USER_NOTICE will not.
