Nota: Version requirement
The feature requires use of
PECL/mysqlnd_ms
1.3.0-beta or later, andPECL/mysqlnd_qc
1.1.0-alpha or newer.PECL/mysqlnd_ms
must be compiled to support the feature. PHP 5.4.0 or newer is required.
Nota: Setup: extension load order
PECL/mysqlnd_ms
must be loaded beforePECL/mysqlnd_qc
, when using shared extensions.
Nota: Feature stability
The cache integration is of beta quality.
Nota: Suitable MySQL clusters
The feature is targeted for use with MySQL Replication (primary copy). Currently, no other kinds of MySQL clusters are supported. Users of such cluster must control PECL/mysqlnd_qc manually if they are interested in client-side query caching.
Support for MySQL replication clusters (asynchronous primary copy) is the
main focus of PECL/mysqlnd_ms
.
The slaves of a MySQL replication cluster
may or may not reflect the latest updates from the master.
Slaves are asynchronous and can lag behind the master. A read from a slave
is eventual consistent from a cluster-wide perspective.
The same level of consistency is offered by a local cache using time-to-live (TTL) invalidation strategy. Current data or stale data may be served. Eventually, data searched for in the cache is not available and the source of the cache needs to be accessed.
Given that both a MySQL Replication slave (asynchronous secondary) and a local TTL-driven cache deliver the same level of service it is possible to transparently replace a remote database access with a local cache access to gain better possibility.
As of PECL/mysqlnd_ms
1.3.0-beta the plugin is
capable of transparently controlling PECL/mysqlnd_ms
1.1.0-alpha
or newer to cache a read-only query if explicitly allowed by setting an
appropriate quality of service through mysqlnd_ms_set_qos(). P
lease, see the
quickstart for a code example.
Both plugins must be installed, PECL/mysqlnd_ms
must be compiled to support the cache feature and PHP 5.4.0 or newer has to be used.
Applications have full control of cache usage and can request fresh data at any time, if need be. The cache usage can be enabled and disabled time during the execution of a script. The cache will be used if mysqlnd_ms_set_qos() sets the quality of service to eventual consistency and enables cache usage. Cache usage is disabled by requesting higher consistency levels, for example, session consistency (read your writes). Once the quality of service has been relaxed to eventual consistency the cache can be used again.
If caching is enabled for a read-only statement, PECL/mysqlnd_ms
may inject
SQL hints to control caching
by PECL/mysqlnd_qc. It may modify the SQL statement it got from the application.
Subsequent SQL processors are supposed to ignore the SQL hints. A SQL hint is a
SQL comment. Comments must not be ignored, for example, by the database server.
The TTL of a cache entry is computed on a per statement basis. Applications set an maximum age for the data they want to retrieve using mysqlnd_ms_set_qos(). The age sets an approximate upper limit of how many seconds the data returned may lag behind the master.
The following logic is used to compute the actual TTL if caching is enabled. The logic takes the estimated slave lag into account for choosing a TTL. If, for example, there are two slaves lagging 5 and 10 seconds behind and the maximum age allowed is 60 seconds, the TTL is set to 50 seconds. Please note, the age setting is no more than an estimated guess.
SHOW SLAVE STATUS
to all slaves. Do not wait
for the first slave to reply before sending to the second slave. Clients
often wait long for replies, thus we send out all requests in a burst before
fetching in a second stage.
Slave_IO_Running=Yes
and Slave_SQL_Running=Yes
.
If both conditions hold true, fetch the value of Seconds_Behind_Master
.
In case of any errors or if conditions fail, set an error on the slave connection.
Skip any such slave connection for the rest of connection filtering.
Seconds_Behind_Master
from
all slaves that passed the previous conditions. Subtract the value from
the maximum age provided by the user with mysqlnd_ms_set_qos().
Use the result as a TTL.
PECL/mysqlnd_qc
.
PECL/mysqlnd_qc
is loaded after
PECL/mysqlnd_ms
by PHP. Thus, it will see
all query modifications of PECL/mysqlnd_ms
and cache
the query if instructed to do so.
The algorithm may seem expensive. SHOW SLAVE STATUS
is a very
fast operation. Given a sufficient number of requests and cache hits per second the cost of
checking the slaves lag can easily outweigh the costs of the cache decision.
Suggestions on a better algorithm are always welcome.