Just to note:
Though objects may (or may not) be Traversable, the can use in foreach because implicit conversion to array
<?php
class Foo {
public $a = 1;
public $b = "Helo";
};
$bar = new Foo;
foreach($bar as $elm) {
echo $elm . ' ';
}
?>
prints 1 Hello
Even
<?php
$bar = new stdClass
foreach($bar as $elm) {
echo $elm . ' ';
}
?>
is correct.
Iterables
Iterable is a pseudo-type introduced in PHP 7.1. It accepts any array or object implementing the Traversable interface. Both of these types are iterable using foreach and can be used with yield from within a generator.
Using Iterables
Iterable can be used as a parameter type to indicate that a function requires a set of values, but does not care about the form of the value set since it will be used with foreach. If a value is not an array or instance of Traversable, a TypeError will be thrown.
Example #1 Iterable parameter type example
<?php
function foo(iterable $iterable) {
foreach ($iterable as $value) {
// ...
}
}
?>
Parameters declared as iterable may use null or an array as a default
value.
Example #2 Iterable parameter default value example
<?php
function foo(iterable $iterable = []) {
// ...
}
?>
Iterable can also be used as a return type to indicate a function will return an iterable value. If the returned value is not an array or instance of Traversable, a TypeError will be thrown.
Example #3 Iterable return type example
<?php
function bar(): iterable {
return [1, 2, 3];
}
?>
Functions declaring iterable as a return type may also be generators.
Example #4 Iterable generator return type example
<?php
function gen(): iterable {
yield 1;
yield 2;
yield 3;
}
?>
Iterable Type Variance
Classes extending/implementing may broaden methods using array or Traversable as parameter types to iterable or narrow return types from iterable to array or Traversable.
Example #5 Iterable type variance example
<?php
interface Example {
public function method(array $array): iterable;
}
class ExampleImplementation implements Example {
public function method(iterable $iterable): array {
// Parameter broadened and return type narrowed.
}
}
?>
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User Contributed Notes 1 note
j_jaberi at yahoo dot com ¶
4 years ago
