$_SERVER

(PHP 4 >= 4.1.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

$_SERVER — Sunucu ve işletme ortamı bilgisi

Açıklama

$_SERVER başlıklar, yollar ve betiklerin yerleri gibi bilgileri içeren bir dizidir. Bu dizideki girdiler HTTP sunucusu tarafından oluşturulur. Her HTTP sunucusu bunları sunacak diye bir garanti yoktur; sunucular bazıları ile işlem yapmayabilir veya burada listelenmeyen başkalarını sağlayabilirler. Bu değişkenlerden çoğu » CGI/1.1 Belirtimi içinde ele alınır.

Bilginize: PHP komut satırından çalıştırıldığında bu girdilerin çoğu ya kullanılamaz ya da anlamsız olur.

Aşağıda listelenen dizi elemenlarına ek olarak, PHP istek başlıklarındaki değerlerle ek elemanlar oluşturur. Bu girdilerin isimleri HTTP_ öneki ile başlar, küçük harfler büyük harfe dönüştürülür ve tirelerin yerini alt çizgiler alır. Örneğin, Accept-Language başlığının dizideki elemanına $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] ile erişilebilir.

İndisler

'PHP_SELF'

Çalıştırılmakta olan betiğin, belge kök dizinine göreli dosya adıdır. Örneğin, http://example.com/foo/bar.php adresindeki bir betik için $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] değeri /foo/bar.php olacaktır. __FILE__ sabiti geçerli dosyanın tam yolunu ve dosya adını içerir. PHP komut satırı işlemcisi olarak çalışıyorsa bu değişken betik adını içerir.

'argv'

Betiğe aktarılan bağımsız değişken dizisidir. Betik komut satırında çalıştığında, komut satırı bağımsız değişkenlerine C gibi erişim imkanı verir. Betik GET yöntemi üzerinden çağrıldığında, bu değişken sorgu dizgesini içerir.

'argc'

Betiğe aktarılan komut satırı bağımsız değişkenlerinin sayısını içerir (betik eğer komut satırından çalıştırılıyorsa).

'GATEWAY_INTERFACE'

Sunucunun desteklediği CGI belirtiminin sürümünü içerir; 'CGI/1.1' gibi.

'SERVER_ADDR'

Geçerli betiğin altında çalıştığı sunucunun IP adresidir.

'SERVER_NAME'

Geçerli betiğin altında çalıştığı sunucunun adıdır. Eğer betik bir sanal konak üzerinde çalışıyorsa, o sanal konağın adını içerir.

Bilginize: Apache 2 altında, UseCanonicalName = On ve ServerName atamaları yapılmalıdır. Aksi takdirde, bu değer istemci tarafından belirtilmiş muhtemelen sahte bir konak ismi içerebilir. Güvenliliğin önemli olduğu içeriklerde bu değere güvenmek doğru değildir.

'SERVER_SOFTWARE'

Sunucu kimlik dizgesi, isteklere verilen cevap başlıklarının içinde verilir.

'SERVER_PROTOCOL'

Sayfa isteğinin yapıldığı protokolün ismi ve sürümüdür; 'HTTP/1.1' gibi;

'REQUEST_METHOD'

Sayfaya erişim için kullanılan istek yöntemi; 'GET', 'HEAD', 'POST', 'PUT' gibi.

Bilginize:
Eğer istek yöntemi HEAD ise PHP betiği başlıklar gönderildikten sonra (çıktının çıktı tamponu olmadan üretilmesinden sonra anlamında) sonlandırılır.

'REQUEST_TIME'

İsteğin başlangıç zamanı etiketidir.

'REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT'

Mikrosaniye cinsinden isteğin başlangıç zamanı damgası.

'QUERY_STRING'

Sorgu dizgesi, sayfaya erişirken kullanılabilir.

'DOCUMENT_ROOT'

Sunucunun ayar dosyasında da tanımlandığı gibi, geçerli betiğin altında çalıştığı belge kök dizinidir.

'HTTPS'

Eğer betik HTTPS protokolü ile sorgulanmışsa boş olmayan bir değer atanır.

'REMOTE_ADDR'

Geçerli sayfayı görüntüleyen kullanıcının IP adresidir.

'REMOTE_HOST'

Geçerli sayfayı görüntüleyen kullanıcının sunucu adıdır. Kullanıcının REMOTE_ADDR değerinden ters dns sorgusuyla elde edilir.

Bilginize: HTTP sunucusu bu değişkeni oluşturmak için yapılandırılmalıdır. Bunun için, örneğin Apache'de httpd.conf içinde HostnameLookups On olmalıdır. Ayrıca gethostbyaddr() işlevine de bakılabilir.

'REMOTE_PORT'

Kullanıcının makinesinin HTTP sunucusu ile haberleşmek için kullandığı porttur.

'REMOTE_USER'

Kimliği kanıtlanmış kullanıcı.

'REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER'

İstek dahilen yönlendirilmişse kimliğİ kanıtlanmış kullanıcı.

'SCRIPT_FILENAME'

Geçerli betiğin mutlak yoludur.

Bilginize:
Eğer betik file.php veya ../file.php gibi göreli bir yolla komut satırından çalıştırılırsa, $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] kullanıcı tarafından belirtilen göreli yolu içerir.

'SERVER_ADMIN'

HTTP sunucusu ayar dosyasındaki SERVER_ADMIN (Apache için) yönergesine verilen değerdir. Eğer betik bir sanal konak üzerinde çalışıyorsa, o sanal konak için için tanımlanmış değer olur.

'SERVER_PORT'

Haberleşme için HTTP sunucusu tarafından kullanılan porttur. Öntanımlı kurulumlar için değeri '80'dir; örneğin SSL kullanımında bunu güvenli HTTP portu olarak ne tanımladıysanız ona değiştirebilirsiniz.

Bilginize: Apache 2 altında, fiziksel (gerçek) portu almak için UseCanonicalName = On'dan başka UseCanonicalPhysicalPort = On da tanımlanmalıdır, aksi takdirde, bu değer sahte olabilir ve fiziksel port değerini döndürüp döndürmeyeceği belli olmaz. Güvenliğin önemli olduğu içeriklerde bu değere güvenmek doğru değildir.

'SERVER_SIGNATURE'

Eğer etkinse, sunucu tarafından üretilen sayfalara eklenen, sunucu sürümünü ve sanal konak adını içeren dizgidir.

'PATH_TRANSLATED'

Sunucu gerekli sanaldan gerçeğe dönüşümleri yaptıktan sonra geçerli betiğin dosya sistemini (belge kökü değil) temel alan yoludur.

Bilginize: Apache 2 kullanıcıları PATH_INFO tanımlatmak için httpd.conf içinde AcceptPathInfo = On yapılandırmasını kullanabilirler.

'SCRIPT_NAME'

Geçerli betiğin yolunu içerir. Kendi kendilerini göstermesi gereken sayfalar için kullanışlıdırlar. __FILE__ sabiti geçerli (örn. içerilen) dosyanın tam yolunu vedosya adını içerir.

'REQUEST_URI'

Sayfaya erişim için belirtilen URI; örneğin, '/index.html'.

'PHP_AUTH_DIGEST'

Özetli HTTP kimlik doğrulaması yapılırken bu değişken istemci tarafından gönderilen 'Authorization' başlığında belirtilir (böylece siz de uygun geçerlilik denetimini yapmak için bunu kullanabilirsiniz).

'PHP_AUTH_USER'

HTTP kimlik doğrulaması yapılırken bu değişkene kullanıcı tarafından sağlanan kullanıcı adı atanır.

'PHP_AUTH_PW'

HTTP kimlik doğrulaması yapılırken bu değişkene kullanıcı tarafından sağlanan parola atanır.

'AUTH_TYPE'

Apache altında modül olarak HTTP kimlik doğrulaması yapılırken bu değişkene kullanılan kimlik doğrulama türü atanır.

'PATH_INFO'

İstemci tarafından sağlanan dosya yolunu içerir; dosya isminin ardında bir sorgu dizgesi olsa bile bu gösterilmez. Örneğin, betiğe şöyle erişiliyor olsun: http://www.example.com/php/path_info.php/some/stuff?foo=bar. Bu durumda $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'], /some/stuff değerini içerecektir.

'ORIG_PATH_INFO'

PHP tarafından işlenmeden önceki özgün 'PATH_INFO'.

Örnekler

Örnek 1 - $_SERVER örneği

<?php
echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];
?>

Yukarıdaki örnek şuna benzer bir çıktı üretir:

www.example.com

Notlar

Bilginize:
Bu bir süper küreseldir. Yani bir betiğin her yerinde geçerlidir. Değişkene işlevler ve yöntemlerin içinden erişmek için global $değişken; deyimine gerek yoktur.

Ayrıca Bakınız

Süzme eklentisi

add a note

User Contributed Notes 40 notes

down

143

Vladimir Kornea ¶

15 years ago


1. All elements of the $_SERVER array whose keys begin with 'HTTP_' come from HTTP request headers and are not to be trusted.

2. All HTTP headers sent to the script are made available through the $_SERVER array, with names prefixed by 'HTTP_'.

3. $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] is dangerous if misused. If login.php/nearly_arbitrary_string is requested, $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] will contain not just login.php, but the entire login.php/nearly_arbitrary_string. If you've printed $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] as the value of the action attribute of your form tag without performing HTML encoding, an attacker can perform XSS attacks by offering users a link to your site such as this:

<a href='http://www.example.com/login.php/"><script type="text/javascript">...</script><span a="'>Example.com</a>

The javascript block would define an event handler function and bind it to the form's submit event. This event handler would load via an <img> tag an external file, with the submitted username and password as parameters.

Use $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] instead of $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']. HTML encode every string sent to the browser that should not be interpreted as HTML, unless you are absolutely certain that it cannot contain anything that the browser can interpret as HTML.

down

vcoletti at tiscali dot it ¶

4 years ago


To list all the $_SERVER parameters, simply do:

foreach ($_SERVER as $parm => $value)  echo "$parm = '$value'\n";

No need to list all possible keys of the array.

down

Lord Mac ¶

15 years ago


An even *more* improved version...

<?php
phpinfo(32);
?>

down

MarkAgius at markagius dot co dot uk ¶

13 years ago


You have missed 'REDIRECT_STATUS'

Very useful if you point all your error pages to the same file.

File; .htaccess
# .htaccess file.

ErrorDocument 404 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 500 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 400 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 401 /error-msg.php
ErrorDocument 403 /error-msg.php
# End of file.

File; error-msg.php
<?php
  $HttpStatus = $_SERVER["REDIRECT_STATUS"] ;
  if($HttpStatus==200) {print "Document has been processed and sent to you.";}
  if($HttpStatus==400) {print "Bad HTTP request ";}
  if($HttpStatus==401) {print "Unauthorized - Iinvalid password";}
  if($HttpStatus==403) {print "Forbidden";}
  if($HttpStatus==500) {print "Internal Server Error";}
  if($HttpStatus==418) {print "I'm a teapot! - This is a real value, defined in 1998";}

?>

down

pierstoval at example dot com ¶

7 years ago


As PHP $_SERVER var is populated with a lot of vars, I think it's important to say that it's also populated with environment vars.

For example, with a PHP script, we can have this:

    MY_ENV_VAR=Hello php -r 'echo $_SERVER["MY_ENV_VAR"];'
    
Will show "Hello".

But, internally, PHP makes sure that "internal" keys in $_SERVER are not overriden, so you wouldn't be able to do something like this:

    REQUEST_TIME=Hello php -r 'var_dump($_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME"]);'
    
Will show something like 1492897785

However, a lot of vars are still vulnerable from environment injection.

I created a gist here ( https://gist.github.com/Pierstoval/f287d3e61252e791a943dd73874ab5ee ) with my PHP configuration on windows with PHP7.0.15 on WSL with bash, the results are that the only "safe" vars are the following:

PHP_SELF
SCRIPT_NAME
SCRIPT_FILENAME
PATH_TRANSLATED
DOCUMENT_ROOT
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
REQUEST_TIME
argv
argc

All the rest can be overriden with environment vars, which is not very cool actually because it can break PHP applications sometimes...

(and I only tested on CLI, I had no patience to test with Apache mod_php or Nginx + PHP-FPM, but I can imagine that not a lot of $_SERVER properties are "that" secure...)

down

jonbarnett at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


It's worth noting that $_SERVER variables get created for any HTTP request headers, including those you might invent:

If the browser sends an HTTP request header of:
X-Debug-Custom: some string

Then:

<?php
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_DEBUG_CUSTOM']; // "some string"
?>

There are better ways to identify the HTTP request headers sent by the browser, but this is convenient if you know what to expect from, for example, an AJAX script with custom headers.

Works in PHP5 on Apache with mod_php.  Don't know if this is true from other environments.

down

chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

7 years ago


Guide to absolute paths...

Data: __FILE__
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the running PHP file, including the filename.
Caveat: This is not the file called by the PHP processor, it's what is running. So if you are inside an include, it's the include.
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: __DIR__
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname to the running PHP file, excluding the filename
Caveat: This is not the file called by the PHP processor, it's what is running. So if you are inside an include, it's the include.
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the origin PHP file, including the filename
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting by copying from __FILE__ before other files are included.
Caveat: Symbolic links are not pre-resolved, use PHP's 'realpath' function if you need it resolved.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Caveat: "Filename" makes you think it is just a filename, but it really is the full absolute pathname. Read the identifier as "Script's filesystem (path)name".
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Yes

Data: $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED']
Data type: String
Purpose: The absolute pathname of the origin PHP file, including the filename
Caveat: It's probably not set, best to just not use it. Just use realpath($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) (and be aware that itself may need to have been emulated).
Caveat: Symbolic links are pre-resolved, so don't trust comparison of paths to be accurate.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']
Data type: String
Purpose: Get the absolute path to the web server's document root. No trailing slash.
Caveat: Don't trust this to be set, or set correctly, unless you control the server environment.
Caveat: May or may not have symbolic links pre-resolved, use PHP's 'realpath' function if you need it resolved.
Caveat: Don't assume all operating systems use '/' for the directory separator.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Note that if something is not set it may be missing from $_SERVER, or it may be blank, so use PHP's 'empty' function for your test.

Note that if you call "php --info" on the command line then naturally some of these settings are going to be blank, as no PHP file is involved.

down

Richard York ¶

15 years ago


Not documented here is the fact that $_SERVER is populated with some pretty useful information when accessing PHP via the shell.

 ["_SERVER"]=>
  array(24) {
    ["MANPATH"]=>
    string(48) "/usr/share/man:/usr/local/share/man:/usr/X11/man"
    ["TERM"]=>
    string(11) "xterm-color"
    ["SHELL"]=>
    string(9) "/bin/bash"
    ["SSH_CLIENT"]=>
    string(20) "127.0.0.1 41242 22"
    ["OLDPWD"]=>
    string(60) "/Library/WebServer/Domains/www.example.com/private"
    ["SSH_TTY"]=>
    string(12) "/dev/ttys000"
    ["USER"]=>
    string(5) "username"
    ["MAIL"]=>
    string(15) "/var/mail/username"
    ["PATH"]=>
    string(57) "/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin"
    ["PWD"]=>
    string(56) "/Library/WebServer/Domains/www.example.com/www"
    ["SHLVL"]=>
    string(1) "1"
    ["HOME"]=>
    string(12) "/Users/username"
    ["LOGNAME"]=>
    string(5) "username"
    ["SSH_CONNECTION"]=>
    string(31) "127.0.0.1 41242 10.0.0.1 22"
    ["_"]=>
    string(12) "/usr/bin/php"
    ["__CF_USER_TEXT_ENCODING"]=>
    string(9) "0x1F5:0:0"
    ["PHP_SELF"]=>
    string(10) "Shell.php"
    ["SCRIPT_NAME"]=>
    string(10) "Shell.php"
    ["SCRIPT_FILENAME"]=>
    string(10) "Shell.php"
    ["PATH_TRANSLATED"]=>
    string(10) "Shell.php"
    ["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]=>
    string(0) ""
    ["REQUEST_TIME"]=>
    int(1247162183)
    ["argv"]=>
    array(1) {
      [0]=>
      string(10) "Shell.php"
    }
    ["argc"]=>
    int(1)
  }

down

ywarnier at beeznest dot org ¶

7 years ago


Note that $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] might include the scheme and domain in certain cases.

This happens, for example, when calling the page through a call to stream_context_create() with a HTTP header of 'request_fulluri' set to 1.

For example:

$http = ['request_fulluri' => 1, /* other params here */];
$context = stream_context_create(array( 'http' => $http ));
$fp = fopen($some_url, 'rb', false, $context);

When outputting $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] on the server at $some_url, you will get
https://some_url/some_script.php

Remove the request_fulluri => 1 option, and $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] gets back to its "normal":
/some_script.php

Apparently, request_fulluri is useful when using some proxy servers.

In this case, there is no proper way to "detect" if this option was set or not, and you should probably use a combination of other $_SERVER[] elements (like REQUEST_SCHEME, SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT) to determine if this was the case.

One quick (and improvable) way to detect it would be to compare the start of the REQUEST_URI with REQUEST_SCHEME:

$scheme = $_SERVER['REQUEST_SCHEME'] . '://';
if (strcmp(substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], 0, strlen($scheme)), $scheme) === 0) {
    // request_fulluri was set
}

down

krinklemail at gmail dot com ¶

12 years ago


If requests to your PHP script send a header "Content-Type" or/ "Content-Length" it will, contrary to regular HTTP headers, not appear in $_SERVER as $_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE']. PHP removes these (per CGI/1.1 specification[1]) from the HTTP_ match group.

They are still accessible, but only if the request was a POST request. When it is, it'll be available as:
$_SERVER['CONTENT_LENGTH']
$_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']

[1] https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875

down

Daniels118 ¶

2 years ago


If you need to know the protocol (http or https) used by the client, then the $_SERVER['HTTPS'] variable may not actually report the truth if your server is behind a proxy or a load balancer (In fact the client could connect to the load balancer using https, and then the load balancer forward the request to the server using http).
If the proxy/load balancer is correctly configured it could send the original request protocol in a header, and you will find it in the $_SERVER[HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO] variable.

down

chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

7 years ago


Guide to URL paths...

Data: $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, including path-info (see $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']) and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is after URL rewrites (i.e. it's as seen by PHP, not necessarily the original call URL).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Tenuous (emulated to contain just the exact call path of the CLI script, with whatever exotic relative pathname you may call with, not made absolute and not normalised or pre-resolved)

Data: $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, excluding path-info and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is after URL rewrites (i.e. it's as seen by PHP, not necessarily the original call URL).
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via preg_replace('#\.php/.*#', '.php', $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: Tenuous (emulated to contain just the exact call path of the CLI script, with whatever exotic relative pathname you may call with, not made absolute and not normalised or pre-resolved)

Data: $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, path-info is N/A and excluding URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is before URL rewrites (i.e. it's as per the original call URL).
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, and definitely only ones with URL rewrites.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']
Data type: String
Purpose: The URL path name of the current PHP file, including path-info and including URL query string. Includes leading slash.
Caveat: This is before URL rewrites (i.e. it's as per the original call URL). *
*: I've seen at least one situation where this is not true (there was another $_SERVER variable to use instead supplied by the URL rewriter), but the author of the URL rewriter later fixed it so probably fair to dismiss this particular note.
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'] . '?' . http_build_query($_GET) [if $_SERVER['REDIRECT_URL'] is set, and imperfect as we don't know what GET parameters were originally passed vs which were injected in the URL rewrite] --otherwise-- $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] . '?' . http_build_query($_GET).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']
Data type: String
Purpose: Find the path-info, which is data after the .php filename in the URL call. It's a strange concept.
Caveat: Some environments may not support it, it is best avoided unless you have complete server control
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Note that if something is not set it may be missing from $_SERVER, or it may be blank, so use PHP's 'empty' function for your test.

down

Tonin ¶

16 years ago


When using the $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] variable in an apache virtual host setup with a ServerAlias directive, be sure to check the UseCanonicalName apache directive.  If it is On, this variable will always have the apache ServerName value.  If it is Off, it will have the value given by the headers sent by the browser.

Depending on what you want to do the content of this variable, put in On or Off.

down

steve at sc-fa dot com ¶

15 years ago


If you are serving from behind a proxy server, you will almost certainly save time by looking at what these $_SERVER variables do on your machine behind the proxy.   

$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] in place of $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']

$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'] and 
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SERVER'] in place of (at least in our case,) $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']

down

Stefano (info at sarchittu dot org) ¶

14 years ago


A way to get the absolute path of your page, independent from the site position (so works both on local machine and on server without setting anything) and from the server OS (works both on Unix systems and Windows systems).

The only parameter it requires is the folder in which you place this script
So, for istance, I'll place this into my SCRIPT folder, and I'll write SCRIPT word length in $conflen

<?php
$conflen=strlen('SCRIPT');
$B=substr(__FILE__,0,strrpos(__FILE__,'/'));
$A=substr($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'], strrpos($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'], $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']));
$C=substr($B,strlen($A));
$posconf=strlen($C)-$conflen-1;
$D=substr($C,1,$posconf);
$host='http://'.$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'].'/'.$D;
?>

$host will finally contain the absolute path.

down

Mark Simon ¶

5 years ago


So near, and yet so far …

$_SERVER has nearly everything you need to know about the current web page environment. Something which would have been handy is easy access to the protocol and the actual web root.

For the protocol, you may or may not have $_SERVER['HTTPS'] and it may or may not be empty. For the web root, $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] depends on the server configuration, and doesn’t work for virtual hosts.

For practical purposes, I normally include something like the following in my scripts:

<?php
    //    Web Root
    //    Usage: include("$root/includes/something.inc.php");
        $root = $_SERVER['WEB_ROOT'] = str_replace($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'],'',$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']);

    //    Host & Protocol
    //    Usage: $url = "$protocol://$host/images/something.jpg";
        $host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
        $protocol=$_SERVER['PROTOCOL'] = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && !empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) ? 'https' : 'http';
?>

down

lemonostif at gmail dot com ¶

5 years ago


PHP_SELF is a disgrace of a programmer's work. One of the most widespread PHP vulnerabilities since version 4 and the manual says nothing about the dangers. At least clarify that ITS VALUE CAN BE PROVIDED BY THE USER with capitals preferably if you want to make the internet a safer place...

down

jarrod at squarecrow dot com ¶

15 years ago


$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] is incredibly useful especially when working in your development environment. If you're working on large projects you'll likely be including a large number of files into your pages. For example:



<?php

//Defines constants to use for "include" URLS - helps keep our paths clean



        define("REGISTRY_CLASSES",  $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/SOAP/classes/");

        define("REGISTRY_CONTROLS", $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/SOAP/controls/");



        define("STRING_BUILDER",     REGISTRY_CLASSES. "stringbuilder.php");

        define("SESSION_MANAGER",     REGISTRY_CLASSES. "sessionmanager.php");

        define("STANDARD_CONTROLS",    REGISTRY_CONTROLS."standardcontrols.php");

?>



In development environments, you're rarely working with your root folder, especially if you're running PHP locally on your box and using DOCUMENT_ROOT is a great way to maintain URL conformity. This will save you hours of work preparing your application for deployment from your box to a production server (not to mention save you the headache of include path failures).

down

info at mtprod dot com ¶

15 years ago


On Windows IIS 7 you must use $_SERVER['LOCAL_ADDR'] rather than $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] to get the server's IP address.

down

Tom ¶

12 years ago


Be warned that most contents of the Server-Array (even $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']) are provided by the client and can be manipulated. They can also be used for injections and thus MUST be checked and treated like any other user input.

down

php at isnoop dot net ¶

14 years ago


Use the apache SetEnv directive to set arbitrary $_SERVER variables in your vhost or apache config.

SetEnv varname "variable value"

down

picov at e-link dot it ¶

13 years ago


A simple function to detect if the current page address was rewritten by mod_rewrite:



<?php

public function urlWasRewritten() {

  $realScriptName=$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'];

  $virtualScriptName=reset(explode("?", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));

  return !($realScriptName==$virtualScriptName);

}

?>

down

centurianii at yahoo dot co dot uk ¶

7 years ago


If you apply redirection in ALL your requests using commands at the Apache virtual host file like:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!=/index.php"
RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "index.php?$1" [NC,NE,L,QSA]
you should expect some deviations in your $_SERVER global.

Say, you send a url of: [hostname here]/a/b?x=1&y=2
which makes Apache to modify to: /index.php?/a/b?x=1&y=2

Now your $_SERVER global contains among others:
'REQUEST_URI' => '/a/b?x=1&y=2', it retains the initial url after the host
 'QUERY_STRING' => 'a/b&x=1&y=2', notice how php replaces '?' with '&'
 'SCRIPT_NAME' => '/index.php', as it was intended to be.

To test your $_SERVER global:
function serverArray(){
   $arr = array();
   foreach($_SERVER as $key=>$value)
      $arr[] = '&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\'' . $key . '\' => \'' . (isset($value)? $value : '-') . '\'';
   return @\sort($arr)? '$_SERVER = array(<br />' . implode($arr, ',<br />') . '<br />);' : false;
}
echo serverArray();

down

pudding06 at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago


Here's a simple, quick but effective way to block unwanted external visitors to your local server:



<?php

// only local requests

if ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] !== '127.0.0.1') die(header("Location: /"));

?>



This will direct all external traffic to your home page. Of course you could send a 404 or other custom error. Best practice is not to stay on the page with a custom error message as you acknowledge that the page does exist. That's why I redirect unwanted calls to (for example) phpmyadmin.

down

chris ¶

15 years ago


A table of everything in the $_SERVER array can be found near the bottom of the output of phpinfo();

down

chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

7 years ago


Guide to script parameters...

Data: $_GET
Data type: Array (map)
Purpose: Contains all GET parameters (i.e. a parsed URL query string).
Caveat: GET parameter names have to be compliant with PHP variable naming, e.g. dots are not allowed and get substituted.
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']
Data type: String
Purpose: Gets an unparsed URL query string.
Caveat: Not set on all PHP environments, may need setting via http_build_query($_GET).
Works on web mode: Yes
Works on CLI mode: No

Data: $_SERVER['argv']
Data type: Array (list)
Purpose: Get CLI call parameters.
Works on web mode: Tenuous (just contains a single parameter, the query string)
Works on CLI mode: Yes

down

silverquick at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


I think the HTTPS element will only be present under Apache 2.x. It's not in the list of "special" variables here:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_rewrite.html#RewriteCond
But it is here:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond

down

mirko dot steiner at slashdevslashnull dot de ¶

15 years ago


<?php

// RFC 2616 compatible Accept Language Parser
// http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt, 14.4 Accept-Language, Page 104
// Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1

foreach (explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']) as $lang) {
    $pattern = '/^(?P<primarytag>[a-zA-Z]{2,8})'.
    '(?:-(?P<subtag>[a-zA-Z]{2,8}))?(?:(?:;q=)'.
    '(?P<quantifier>\d\.\d))?$/';

    $splits = array();

    printf("Lang:,,%s''\n", $lang);
    if (preg_match($pattern, $lang, $splits)) {
        print_r($splits);
    } else {
        echo "\nno match\n";
    }
}

?>

example output:

Google Chrome 3.0.195.27 Windows xp

Lang:,,de-DE''
Array
(
    [0] => de-DE
    [primarytag] => de
    [1] => de
    [subtag] => DE
    [2] => DE
)
Lang:,,de;q=0.8''
Array
(
    [0] => de;q=0.8
    [primarytag] => de
    [1] => de
    [subtag] => 
    [2] => 
    [quantifier] => 0.8
    [3] => 0.8
)
Lang:,,en-US;q=0.6''
Array
(
    [0] => en-US;q=0.6
    [primarytag] => en
    [1] => en
    [subtag] => US
    [2] => US
    [quantifier] => 0.6
    [3] => 0.6
)
Lang:,,en;q=0.4''
Array
(
    [0] => en;q=0.4
    [primarytag] => en
    [1] => en
    [subtag] => 
    [2] => 
    [quantifier] => 0.4
    [3] => 0.4
)

down

pomat at live dot it ¶

11 years ago


$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] may contain backslashes on windows systems, and of course it may or may not have a trailing slash (backslash).
I saw the following as an example of the proper way we're supposed to deal with this issue:

<?php
include(dirname($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'file.php');
?>

Ok, the latter may be used to access a file inside the parent directory of the document root, but actually does not properly address the issue.
In the end, don't warry about. It should be safe to use forward slashes and append a trailing slash in all cases.
Let's say we have this:

<?php
$path = 'subdir/file.php';
$result = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/' . $path;
?>

On linux $result might be something like
1) "/var/www/subdir/file.php"
2) "/var/www//subdir/file.php"
String 2 is parsed the same as string 1 (have a try with command 'cd').

On windows $result might be something like
1) "C:/apache/htdocs/subdir/file.php"
2) "C:/apache/htdocs//subdir/file.php"
3) "C:\apache\htdocs/subdir/file.php"
4) "C:\apache\htdocs\/subdir/file.php"
All those strings are parsed as "C:\apache\htdocs\subdir\file.php" (have a try with 'cd').

down

sammyhacker at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago


To put it simply, $_SERVER contains all the environment variables. 

CGI works by an HTTP application server filling in all the required environment variables and invoking the PHP process. And these environment variables are stored under $_SERVER.

down

wbeaumo1 at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago


Don't forget $_SERVER['HTTP_COOKIE']. It contains the raw value of the 'Cookie' header sent by the user agent.

down

lilJoshu ¶

6 years ago


Remember,

Although $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] is initially built with GET, POST, PUT, HEAD in mind, a server can allow more. 

This may be important if you're building a RESTful interfaces that will also use methods such as PATCH and DELETE.

Also important as a security risk as a possible point of injection. In the event of building something acting based on REQUEST_METHOD, it's recommended to put it in a switch statement.

<?php
switch ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]){
   case "PUT":
       foo_replace_data();
       break;
   case "POST":
       foo_add_data();
       break;
   case "HEAD";
       foo_set_that_cookie();
       break;
   case "GET":
   default:
      foo_fetch_stuff()
      break;
}

?>

down

-1

jit_chavan at yahoo dot com ¶

10 years ago


searched $_SERVER["REDIRECT_URL"] for a while and noted that it is not mentioned in php documentation page itself. look like this is only generated by apache server(not others) and using   $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] will be useful in some cases as mine.

down

-2

plugwash at p10link dot net ¶

9 years ago


Be aware that it's a bad idea to access x-forwarded-for and similar headers through this array. The header names are mangled when populating the array and this mangling can introduce spoofing vulnerabilities.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Brion_VIBBER/Cool_Cat_incident_report for details of a real world exploit of this.

down

-4

2962051004 at qq dot com ¶

6 years ago


<?php
/*
Sometimes you will find that your website will not get the correct user IP after adding CDN, then this function will help you
*/
function real_ip()
{
   $ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && preg_match_all('#\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}#s', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], $matches)) {
        foreach ($matches[0] AS $xip) {
            if (!preg_match('#^(10|172\.16|192\.168)\.#', $xip)) {
                $ip = $xip;
                break;
            }
        }
    } elseif (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
        $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    } elseif (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
        $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'];
    } elseif (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP']) && preg_match('/^([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}$/', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'])) {
        $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'];
    }
    return $ip;

}
echo real_ip();

?>

down

-4

cupy at email dot cz ¶

15 years ago


Tech note:
$_SERVER['argc'] and $_SERVER['argv'][] has some funny behaviour,
used from linux (bash) commandline, when called like 
"php ./script_name.php 0x020B" 
there is everything correct, but 
"./script_name.php 0x020B"
is not correct - "0" is passed instead of "0x020B" as $_SERVER['argv'][1] - see the script below.
Looks like the parameter is not passed well from bash to PHP.
(but, inspected on the level of bash, 0x020B is understood well as $1)

try this example:

------------->8------------------
cat ./script_name.php
#! /usr/bin/php

if( $_SERVER['argc'] == 2)
  {
    // funny... we have to do this trick to pass e.g. 0x020B from parameters
    // ignore this: "PHP Notice:  Undefined offset:  2 in ..."
    $EID = $_SERVER['argv'][1] + $_SERVER['argv'][2] + $_SERVER['argv'][3];
  }
 else
   {        // default
     $EID = 0x0210; // PPS failure
   }

down

-4

Johan Winge ¶

4 years ago


It should probably be noted that the value of $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] will never contain the substring "HTTPS". Assuming this is a common source of bugs and confusion. Instead, see $_SERVER['HTTPS'].

down

-2

kamil00110 ¶

1 year ago


This code can be used to help find somone that tries to dig throught the server files to find something.

.htaccess

ErrorDocument 404 /your.php
ErrorDocument 403 /your.php

<?php  
         //get time
         $time = date("H:i:s d.m.y"); 
         //get user address
         $usr = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];    
         //get entered url of the "visitor"
         $url = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
         //get your servers address
         $ip = $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'];
     //put toogether
         $sus = "[".$time."]   ".$usr."   ".$ip.$url.PHP_EOL;    
         //write an log file     
         file_put_contents("susip.txt", $sus, FILE_APPEND);
?>

down

-7

DanielTahar ¶

4 years ago


To expand a bit on the price you could pay for relying on 'HTTP_REFERER': several large news sites I read often have paywalls, with cookies in place so you can only read X articles before you must subscribe; if using Incognito, they count the number of times you accessed via the same IP; everything to get you to subscribe. However, in order to be appealing, any visit where the 'HTTP_REFERER' is Google News will give you the entire article. I'm sure it's a dilemma their webmasters have, but for now any time someone sends you a story on one of them, all you have to do is search for the title and click the result from Google News. Bottom line: never count on it.

PS (1): ofcourse i'm talking about a friend. I pay for content.
PS (2): after some debate, the RFC decided to keep 'HTTP_REFERER', although it's misspelled.

down

-2

Florin C ¶

1 year ago


<?php
//Working example tested with success in Debian Linux with Apache 2.4

$protocol=$_SERVER['PROTOCOL'] = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && !empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) ? 'https' : 'http';  //thanks to Mark Simon @ https://www.php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php
$doc_root = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];  // e.g. /var/www/webabc/web/
$module_path = dirname(__FILE__);  // e.g. /var/www/webabc/web/modules/verstion152/
$host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];  // e.g. 192.168.1.4

$online_path = $protocol .'://'. $host . '/' . str_replace($doc_root, '', $module_path);

echo "The online path is: " . $online_path;

add a note