Whilst it was correct 11 years ago, the statement of Dan D is not so correct any moreю Anonymous functions are now objects of a class Closure and are safely collected by garbage collector.
create_function
(PHP 4 >= 4.0.1, PHP 5, PHP 7)
create_function — Crée une fonction anonyme
Avertissement
Cette fonctionnalité est OBSOLÈTE à partir de PHP 7.2.0 et a été SUPPRIMÉE à partir de PHP 8.0.0.
Description
create_function() crée une fonction anonyme, à partir des paramètres passés, et retourne un nom de fonction unique.
Attention
Cette fonction, en interne, utilise la fonction eval() et donc les exigences en terme de sécurité sont identiques à celles de la fonction eval(). De plus, les performances ne sont pas au rendez-vous et l'usage mémoire est significatif.
Une fonction anonyme native devrait être utilisée à la place.
Liste de paramètres
Généralement, les arguments args sont
présentés sous la forme d'une chaîne à guillemets simples, et la même
recommandation vaut pour code.
La raison de l'utilisation des guillemets simples est de protéger
les noms de variables du remplacement par leur valeur. Si vous utilisez
les guillemets doubles, n'oubliez pas d'échapper les noms
de variables (i.e. \$avar).
-
args -
Les arguments de la fonction.
-
code -
Le code de la fonction.
Valeurs de retour
Retourne un nom de fonction unique, sous la forme d'une chaîne de caractères,
ou false si une erreur survient.
Exemples
Exemple #1 Création d'une fonction anonyme avec create_function()
Vous pouvez utiliser cette fonction pour (par exemple) créer une fonction à partir d'informations récoltées durant l'exécution :
<?php
$newfunc = create_function('$a,$b', 'return "ln($a) + ln($b) = " . log($a * $b);');
echo "Nouvelle fonction anonyme : $newfunc\n";
echo $newfunc(2, M_E) . "\n";
// affichera :
// Nouvelle fonction anonyme : lambda_1
// ln(2) + ln(2.718281828459) = 1.6931471805599
?>Ou, pour pouvoir appliquer une fonction générique à une liste d'arguments.
Exemple #2 Traitement générique par fonction avec create_function()
<?php
function process($var1, $var2, $farr)
{
foreach ($farr as $f) {
echo $f($var1, $var2) . "\n";
}
}
// Création d'une série de fonctions mathématiques
$f1 = 'if ($a >=0) {return "b*a^2 = ".$b*sqrt($a);} else {return false;}';
$f2 = "return \"min(b^2+a, a^2,b) = \".min(\$a*\$a+\$b,\$b*\$b+\$a);";
$f3 = 'if ($a > 0 && $b != 0) {return "ln(a)/b = ".log($a)/$b; } else { return false; }';
$farr = array(
create_function('$x,$y', 'return "un peu de trigo : ".(sin($x) + $x*cos($y));'),
create_function('$x,$y', 'return "une hypoténuse : ".sqrt($x*$x + $y*$y);'),
create_function('$a,$b', $f1),
create_function('$a,$b', $f2),
create_function('$a,$b', $f3)
);
echo "\nUtilisation de la première liste de fonctions anonymes\n";
echo "paramétres : 2.3445, M_PI\n";
process(2.3445, M_PI, $farr);
// Maintenant une liste de fonctions sur chaîne de caractères
$garr = array(
create_function('$b,$a', 'if (strncmp($a, $b, 3) == 0) return "** \"$a\" '.
'and \"$b\"\n** Look the same to me! (looking at the first 3 chars)";'),
create_function('$a,$b', '; return "CRCs : " . crc32($a) . ", ".crc32($b);'),
create_function('$a,$b', '; return "similarité (a,b) = " . similar_text($a, $b, &$p) . "($p%)";')
);
echo "\nUtilisation de la seconde liste de fonctions anonymes\n";
process("Twas brilling and the slithy toves", "Twas the night", $garr);
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Utilisation de la première liste de fonctions anonymes paramètres : 2.3445, M_PI un peu de trigo : -1.6291725057799 une hypoténuse : 3.9199852871011 b*a^2 = 4.8103313314525 min(b^2+a, a^2,b) = 8.6382729035898 ln(a)/b = 0.27122299212594 Utilisation de la seconde liste de fonctions anonymes ** "Twas the night" and "Twas brilling and the slithy toves" ** Ces chaînes se ressemblent ! (regardez les trois premiers caractères) CRCs: -725381282, 342550513 similarité (a,b) = 11(45.833333333333%)
Mais l'utilisation la plus courante des fonctions lambda est la fonction de rappel, par exemple, lors de l'utilisation de array_walk() ou usort()
Exemple #3 Utilisation de fonctions anonymes comme fonction de rappel
<?php
$av = array("la ", "une ", "cette ", "une certaine ");
array_walk($av, create_function('&$v,$k', '$v = $v . "maison";'));
print_r($av);
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array ( [0] => la maison [1] => une maison [2] => cette maison [3] => une certaine maison )
un tableau de chaînes de caractères ordonnées de la plus courte à la plus longue
<?php
$sv = array("petite", "longue", "une très longue chaîne", "une phrase toute entière");
print_r($sv);
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array ( [0] => petite [1] => longue [2] => une très longue chaîne [3] => une phrase toute entière )
ordonnées de la plus longue à la plus courte
<?php
usort($sv, create_function('$a,$b','return strlen($b) - strlen($a);'));
print_r($sv);
?>L'exemple ci-dessus va afficher :
Array ( [0] => une phrase toute entière [1] => une très longue chaîne [2] => longue [3] => petite )
add a note
User Contributed Notes 22 notes
tamagochi_man ¶
6 years ago
Dan D ¶
18 years ago
Beware when using anonymous functions in PHP as you would in languages like Python, Ruby, Lisp or Javascript. As was stated previously, the allocated memory is never released; they are not objects in PHP -- they are just dynamically named global functions -- so they don't have scope and are not subject to garbage collection.
So, if you're developing anything remotely reusable (OO or otherwise), I would avoid them like the plague. They're slow, inefficient and there's no telling if your implementation will end up in a large loop. Mine ended up in an iteration over ~1 million records and quickly exhasted my 500MB-per-process limit.
Josh J ¶
18 years ago
In regards to the recursion issue by info at adaniels dot nl
Anon function recursion by referencing the function variable in the correct scope.
<?php
$fn2 = create_function('$a', 'echo $a; if ($a < 10) call_user_func($GLOBALS["fn2"], ++$a);');
$fn2(1);
?>
kak dot serpom dot po dot yaitsam at gmail dot com ¶
12 years ago
Try this to boost performance of your scripts (increase maxCacheSize):
<?php
runkit_function_copy('create_function', 'create_function_native');
runkit_function_redefine('create_function', '$arg,$body', 'return __create_function($arg,$body);');
function __create_function($arg, $body) {
static $cache = array();
static $maxCacheSize = 64;
static $sorter;
if ($sorter === NULL) {
$sorter = function($a, $b) {
if ($a->hits == $b->hits) {
return 0;
}
return ($a->hits < $b->hits) ? 1 : -1;
};
}
$crc = crc32($arg . "\\x00" . $body);
if (isset($cache[$crc])) {
++$cache[$crc][1];
return $cache[$crc][0];
}
if (sizeof($cache) >= $maxCacheSize) {
uasort($cache, $sorter);
array_pop($cache);
}
$cache[$crc] = array($cb = eval('return function('.$arg.'){'.$body.'};'), 0);
return $cb;
}
?>
DB on music_ml at yahoo dot com dot ar ¶
21 years ago
[EDIT by danbrown AT php DOT net: Combined user-corrected post with previous (incorrect) post.]
You can't refer to a class variable from an anonymous function inside a class method using $this. Anonymous functions don't inherit the method scope. You'll have to do this:
<?php
class AnyClass {
var $classVar = 'some regular expression pattern';
function classMethod() {
$_anonymFunc = create_function( '$arg1, $arg2', 'if ( eregi($arg2, $arg1) ) { return true; } else { return false; } ' );
$willWork = $_anonymFunc('some string', $classVar);
}
}
?>
kkaiser at revolution-records dot net ¶
17 years ago
In the process of migrating a PHP4 codebase to PHP5, I ran into a peculiar problem. In the library, every class was derived from a generic class called 'class_container'. 'class_container' contained an array called runtime_functions and a method called class_function that was as follows:
<?php
function class_function($name,$params,$code) {
$this->runtime_functions[$name] = create_function($params,$code);
}
?>
In a subclass of class_container, there was a function that utilized class_function() to store some custom lambda functions that were self-referential:
<?php
function myfunc($name,$code) {
$this->class_function($name,'$theobj','$this=&$theobj;'.$code);
}
?>
In PHP4, this worked just fine. The idea was to write blocks of code at the subclass level, such as "echo $this->id;", then simply $MYOBJ->myfunc("go","echo $this->id;"); and later call it like $MYOBJ->runtime_functions["go"]();
It essentially worked exactly like binding anonymous functions to objects in Javascript.
Note how the "$this" keyword had to be manually redefined for the $code block to work.
In PHP5, however, you can't redeclare $this without getting a fatal error, so the code had to be updated to:
<?php
function myfunc($name,$code) {
$this->class_function($name,'$this',$code);
}
?>
Apparently create_function() allows you to set $this via a function argument, allowing you to bind anonymous functions to instantiated objects. Thought it might be useful to somebody.
info at adaniels dot nl ¶
18 years ago
Note that using __FUNCTION__ in a an anonymous function, will always result '__lambda_func'.
<?php
$fn = create_function('', 'echo __FUNCTION__;');
$fn();
// Result: __lambda_func
echo $fn;
// Result: ºlambda_2 (the actual first character cannot be displayed)
?>
This means that a anonymous function can't be used recursively. The following code (recursively counting to 10) results in an error:
<?php
$fn2 = create_function('$a', 'echo $a; if ($a < 10) call_user_func(__FUNCTION__, $a++);');
$fn2(1);
// Warning: call_user_func(__lambda_func) [function.call-user-func]: First argument is expected to be a valid callback in T:/test/test.php(21) : runtime-created function on line 1
?>
CertaiN ¶
11 years ago
Best wapper:
<?php
function create_lambda($args, $code) {
static $func;
if (!isset($func[$args][$code])) {
$func[$args][$code] = create_function($args, $code);
}
return $func[$args][$code];
}
Dave H ¶
13 years ago
The following function is very useful for creating an alias of a user function.
For built-in functions, it is less useful because default values are not available, so function aliases for built-in functions must have all parameters supplied, whether optional or not.
<?php
function create_function_alias($function_name, $alias_name)
{
if(function_exists($alias_name))
return false;
$rf = new ReflectionFunction($function_name);
$fproto = $alias_name.'(';
$fcall = $function_name.'(';
$need_comma = false;
foreach($rf->getParameters() as $param)
{
if($need_comma)
{
$fproto .= ',';
$fcall .= ',';
}
$fproto .= '$'.$param->getName();
$fcall .= '$'.$param->getName();
if($param->isOptional() && $param->isDefaultValueAvailable())
{
$val = $param->getDefaultValue();
if(is_string($val))
$val = "'$val'";
$fproto .= ' = '.$val;
}
$need_comma = true;
}
$fproto .= ')';
$fcall .= ')';
$f = "function $fproto".PHP_EOL;
$f .= '{return '.$fcall.';}';
eval($f);
return true;
}
?>
lombax85 at gmail dot com ¶
3 years ago
For who *really* needs the create_function() on php8 (because of legacy code that cannot be changed easily) there is this: "composer require lombax85/create_function".
neo at nowhere dot com ¶
16 years ago
In response to kkaiser at revolution-records dot net's note, even tho PHP will allow you to use
<?
$myfunc = create_function('$this', $code);
?>
You can NOT use a reference to "$this" inside of the anonymous function, as PHP will complain that you are using a reference to "$this" in a non-object context.
Currently, I have not found a work-around for this...
Alan FUNG ¶
16 years ago
$f = create_function('','echo "function defined by create_function";');
$f();
result:
function defined by create_function
You may define no return in function body while you are using create_function.
Rene Saarsoo ¶
16 years ago
Here has been some discussion about the "memory leak" create_function() can create.
What create_function() actually does, is creating an ordinary function with name chr(0).lambda_n where n is some number:
<?php
$f = create_function('', 'return 1;');
function lambda_1() { return 2; }
$g = "lambda_1";
echo $g(); // outputs: 2
$h = chr(0)."lambda_1";
echo $h(); // outputs: 1
?>
TSE-WebDesign ¶
17 years ago
Here's how to call a runtime-created function from another runtime-created function:
<?php
$get_func = create_function('$func', 'return substr($func,1);');
$get_value = create_function('$index','return pow($index,$index);');
$another_func = create_function('$a', '$func="\x00"."'.$get_func($get_value).'";return $func($a);');
echo $another_func(2); # result is 4
?>
Phlyst ¶
18 years ago
In reply to info at adaniels dot nl:
You may not be able to use __FUNCTION__ in a lambda (thanks for pointing it out; I was having that problem just now), but you can use $GLOBALS to work around it if you're assigning the function to a variable. I reimplemented array_walk_recursive() in PHP4 like this:
<?php
$array_walk_recursive = create_function('&$array, $callback',
'foreach($array as $element) {
if(is_array($element)) {
$funky = $GLOBALS["array_walk_recursive"];
$funky($element, $callback);
}
else {
$callback($element);
}
}');
?>
josh at janrain dot com ¶
18 years ago
Beware! This is merely a convenience function that generates a unique name for a regular function. It is *not* a closure or even an anonymous function. It is just a regular function that gets named for you.
Joshua E Cook ¶
18 years ago
Functions created by create_function() cannot return a value by reference. The function below creates a function that can. The arguments are the same as create_function(). Note that these arguments are passed, unmodified, to eval(), so be sure that data passed in is sanitized.
<?php
/**
* create_ref_function
* Create an anonymous (lambda-style) function
* which returns a reference
* see http://php.net/create_function
*/
function
create_ref_function( $args, $code )
{
static $n = 0;
$functionName = sprintf('ref_lambda_%d',++$n);
$declaration = sprintf('function &%s(%s) {%s}',$functionName,$args,$body);
eval($declaration);
return $functionName;
}
?>
boards at gmail dot com ¶
18 years ago
If you were checking to see if a function is made properly, this would be a better way of checking:
<?php
$fnc = @create_function('$arg1,$arg2,$arg3', 'return true;');
# make that function whatever you want
if (empty($fnc)) {
die('Could not create function $fnc.');
}
# although, the follow will NOT work
if (empty(create_function('$arg', 'return $arg;'))) {
die('Could not create anonymous function.');
}
# you would get an error regarding not being able to use a
# return value in writeable context (i.e. a return value is
# a const in C, and the function empty() doesn't use a
# const void* parameter
?>
MagicalTux at FF.ST ¶
20 years ago
neo at gothic-chat d0t de wrote :
Beware of memory-leaks, the garbage-collection seems to 'oversee' dynamically created functions!
Not really...
In fact, PHP can not "unassign" functions. So if you create a function, it won't be deleted until the end of the script, even if you unset the variable containing its name.
If you need to change a part of a function everytime you run a loop, think of a way to make a more general function or try using eval :) (functions are made to be re-used. If you need to run your own piece of code once, eval is much better).
neo at gothic-chat d0t de ¶
20 years ago
Beware of memory-leaks, the garbage-collection seems to 'oversee' dynamically created functions!
I used a function like this to replace special characters in links with their htmlentities:
<?php
$text = preg_replace_callback (
"/(<(frame src|a href|form action)=\")([^\"]+)(\"[^>]*>)/i",
create_function (
'$matches',
'return $matches[1] . htmlentities ($matches[3]) . $matches[4];'
),
$text);
?>
After 1000 calls, the process used about 5MB more than before. In my situation this boosted up the memory-size of one PHP-process up to over 100MB!
In such cases, better store the function in a global variable.
x-empt[a_t]ispep.cx ¶
23 years ago
Create_function enables the ability to change the scope of functions. You might have a class where it needs to define a GLOBAL function. This is possible, like:
<?php
class blah {
function blah() {
$z=create_function('$arg1string','return "function-z-".$arg1string;');
$GLOBALS['z']=$z;
}
}
$blah_object=new blah;
$result=$GLOBALS['z']('Argument 1 String');
echo $result;
?>
Making a function escape it's defined scope can be useful in many situations.
edgar at goodforall dot eu ¶
15 years ago
Just a little toy I thought up, I would like to share. Creates an anonymous function, which let you use a class as a function.
In php 5.3 there is support for real functors (trough __invoke):
<?php
function createFunctor($className){
$content = "
static \$class;
if(!\$class){
\$class = new $className;
}
return \$class->run(\$args);
";
$f = create_function('$args', $content);
return $f;
}
class test {
public function run($args){
print $args;
}
}
$test = createFunctor('test');
$test('hello world');
?>
