Here's a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.
<?php
if (!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
function fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
return pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags);
}
}
function pcre_fnmatch($pattern, $string, $flags = 0) {
$modifiers = null;
$transforms = array(
'\*' => '.*',
'\?' => '.',
'\[\!' => '[^',
'\[' => '[',
'\]' => ']',
'\.' => '\.',
'\\' => '\\\\'
);
// Forward slash in string must be in pattern:
if ($flags & FNM_PATHNAME) {
$transforms['\*'] = '[^/]*';
}
// Back slash should not be escaped:
if ($flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) {
unset($transforms['\\']);
}
// Perform case insensitive match:
if ($flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) {
$modifiers .= 'i';
}
// Period at start must be the same as pattern:
if ($flags & FNM_PERIOD) {
if (strpos($string, '.') === 0 && strpos($pattern, '.') !== 0) return false;
}
$pattern = '#^'
. strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), $transforms)
. '$#'
. $modifiers;
return (boolean)preg_match($pattern, $string);
}
?>
This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.
fnmatch
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
fnmatch — Teste un nom de fichier au moyen d'un masque de recherche
Description
fnmatch() vérifie si la chaîne filename
va passer le masque Shell pattern.
Liste de paramètres
-
pattern -
Le masque Shell.
-
filename -
La chaîne testée. Cette fonction est particulièrement utile pour les noms de fichier, mais peut également être utilisée sur des chaînes régulières.
L'utilisateur moyen de Shell peut être familier avec les masques Shell, ou tout au moins, leurs expressions les plus simples, comme
'?'et'*'. De cette façon, utiliser fnmatch() au lieu de preg_match() pour des recherches peut être plus pratique pour les non-initiés. -
flags -
La valeur de
flagspeut être une combinaison des drapeaux suivants, joins avec l' opérateur binaire OR (|).Liste des drapeaux possibles pour fnmatch() FlagDescription FNM_NOESCAPEDésactive l'échappement des antislashes. FNM_PATHNAMEUn slash dans une chaîne correspond uniquement à un slash dans le masque fourni. FNM_PERIODUn point en début de chaîne doit correspondre exactement à un point dans le masque fourni. FNM_CASEFOLDLes correspondances ne tiennent pas compte de la casse. Fait parti de l'extension GNU.
Valeurs de retour
Retourne true s'il y a des résultats, false sinon.
Exemples
Exemple #1 Vérifier le nom d'une couleur avec un masque Shell
<?php
if (fnmatch("*gr[ae]y", $color)) {
echo "des formes de gris ...";
}
?>Notes
Avertissement
Actuellement, cette fonction n'est pas disponible pour les systèmes non-POSIX, à l'exception de Windows.
Voir aussi
- glob() - Recherche des chemins qui vérifient un masque
- preg_match() - Effectue une recherche de correspondance avec une expression rationnelle standard
- sscanf() - Analyse une chaîne à l'aide d'un format
- printf() - Affiche une chaîne de caractères formatée
- sprintf() - Retourne une chaîne formatée
add a note
User Contributed Notes 9 notes
me at rowanlewis dot com ¶
14 years ago
bernd dot ebert at gmx dot net ¶
12 years ago
There is a problem within the pcre_fnmatch-Function concerning backslashes. Those will be masked by preq_quote and ADDITONALLY by the strtr if FN_NOESCAPE is not set -> something like "*a(*" will finally result in "#^.*a\\(.*$#". Note the double backslash which effectively does NOT mask the "(" correctly.
Since preq_quote always matches a backslash I don't think that this'll work with using preg_quote at all.
Sinured ¶
16 years ago
An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).
jk at ricochetsolutions dot com ¶
17 years ago
soywiz's function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.
<?php
if(!function_exists('fnmatch')) {
function fnmatch($pattern, $string) {
return preg_match("#^".strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.'))."$#i", $string);
} // end
} // end if
?>
Frederik Krautwald ¶
17 years ago
soywiz's function still doesn't seem to work -- at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows -- but jk's does.
phlipping at yahoo dot com ¶
21 years ago
you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:
function WildToReg($str)
{
$s = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
{
$c = $str{$i};
if ($c =='?')
$s .= '.'; // any character
else if ($c == '*')
$s .= '.*'; // 0 or more any characters
else if ($c == '[' || $c == ']')
$s .= $c; // one of characters within []
else
$s .= '\\' . $c;
}
$s = '^' . $s . '$';
//trim redundant ^ or $
//eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
if (substr($s,0,3) == "^.*")
$s = substr($s,3);
if (substr($s,-3,3) == ".*$")
$s = substr($s,0,-3);
return $s;
}
if (ereg(WildToReg("*.txt"), $fn))
print "$fn is a text file";
else
print "$fn is not a text file";
theboydanny at gmail dot com ¶
16 years ago
About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk's works for me, soywiz didn't (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz's didn't for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK's fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
<?php
$pattern = strtr(preg_quote($pattern, '#'), array('\*' => '.*', '\?' => '.', '\[' => '[', '\]' => ']'));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.
Sinured ¶
17 years ago
Possible flags (scratched out of fnmatch.h):
...::...
FNM_PATHNAME:
> Slash in $string only matches slash in $pattern.
FNM_PERIOD:
> Leading period in $string must be exactly matched by period in $pattern.
FNM_NOESCAPE:
> Disable backslash escaping.
FNM_NOSYS:
> Obsolescent.
FNM_FILE_NAME:
> Alias of FNM_PATHNAME.
FNM_LEADING_DIR:
> From fnmatch.h: /* Ignore `/...' after a match. */
FNM_CASEFOLD:
> Caseless match.
Since they’re appearing in file.c, but are not available in PHP, we’ll have to define them ourselves:
<?php
define('FNM_PATHNAME', 1);
define('FNM_PERIOD', 4);
define('FNM_NOESCAPE', 2);
// GNU extensions
define('FNM_FILE_NAME', FNM_PATHNAME);
define('FNM_LEADING_DIR', 8);
define('FNM_CASEFOLD', 16);
?>
I didn’t test any of these except casefold, which worked for me.
bwilcock at gmail dot com ¶
11 years ago
fnmatch is not 100% reliable. Bug 14185 is still open and may or may not have been patched.
In certain wildcard circumstance fnmatch("*needle*", $haystack, match) returns false intermittantly
However stripos or preg returns a "find".
