mysql_set_charset

(PHP 5 >= 5.2.3)

mysql_set_charset — Définit le jeu de caractères du client MySQL

Avertissement

Cette extension était obsolète en PHP 5.5.0, et a été supprimée en PHP 7.0.0. À la place, vous pouvez utiliser l'extension MySQLi ou l'extension PDO_MySQL. Voir aussi MySQL : choisir une API du guide. Alternatives à cette fonction :

mysqli_set_charset()
PDO: Ajoute le charset à la chaîne de connexion, par exemple charset=utf8

Description

mysql_set_charset(string $charset, resource $link_identifier = NULL): bool

Définit le jeu de caractères par défaut pour la connexion courante.

Liste de paramètres

charset: Un nom de jeu de caractères valide.
link_identifier: La connexion MySQL. S'il n'est pas spécifié, la dernière connexion ouverte avec la fonction mysql_connect() sera utilisée. Si une telle connexion n'est pas trouvée, la fonction tentera d'ouvrir une connexion, comme si la fonction mysql_connect() avait été appelée sans argument. Si aucune connexion n'est trouvée ou établie, une alerte de niveau E_WARNING sera générée.

Valeurs de retour

Cette fonction retourne true en cas de succès ou false si une erreur survient.

Notes

Note:
Cette fonction requiert MySQL version 5.0.7 ou supérieure.

Note:
C'est la meilleure façon de changer le jeu de caractères. L'utilisation de la fonction mysql_query() pour le définir (avec par exemple SET NAMES utf8) n'est pas recommandée. Voir la section Concept sur les jeux de caractères en MySQL pour plus d'informations.

Voir aussi

Définir un jeu de caractères dans MySQL
La liste des » jeux de caractères supportés par MySQL
mysql_client_encoding() - Retourne le nom du jeu de caractères utilisé par le client MySQL

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User Contributed Notes 8 notes

down

Ashus ¶

16 years ago


I needed to access the database from within one particular webhosting service. Pages are UTF-8 encoded and data received by forms should be inserted into database without changing the encoding. The database is also in UTF-8.

Neither SET character set 'utf8' or SET names 'utf8' worked properly here, so this workaround made sure all variables are set to utf-8.

<?php

// ... (creating a connection to mysql) ...

mysql_query("SET character_set_results = 'utf8', character_set_client = 'utf8', character_set_connection = 'utf8', character_set_database = 'utf8', character_set_server = 'utf8'", $conn);

$re = mysql_query('SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%character_set%";')or die(mysql_error());
while ($r = mysql_fetch_assoc($re)) {var_dump ($r); echo "<br />";} exit;

?>

All important variables are now utf-8 and we can safely use INSERTs or SELECTs with mysql_escape_string($var) without any encoding functions.

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nabeelmoidu at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago


Here's an example of how to use this feature :

I'm using  PHP 5.2.5 from http://oss.oracle.com/projects/php/

I wanted to store arabic characters as UTF8 in the database and as suggested in many of the google results, I tried using

mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");

and 

mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET utf8 ");

but it did not work.

Using the following, it worked flawlessly

$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'user', 'password');
mysql_set_charset('utf8',$link);

Once this is set we need not manually encode the text into utf using utf8_encode() or other functions. The arabic ( or any UTF8 supported ) text can be passed directly to the database and it is automatically converted by PHP.
For eg.
<?php
$link = mysql_connect('localhost', 'user', 'password');
mysql_set_charset('utf8',$link);
$db_selected = mysql_select_db('emp_feedback', $link);
if (!$db_selected) { die ('Database access error : ' . mysql_error());}
$query = "INSERT INTO feedback ( EmpName, Message ) VALUES ('$_empName','$_message')";
mysql_query($query) or die('Error, Feedback insert into database failed');
?>
Note that here $_empName is stored in English while $_message is in Arabic.

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Janez R. ¶

17 years ago


I assume that this is an equivalent in previous versions of php (add some parameter validation and default values though!):
<?
if (!function_exists('mysql_set_charset')) {
  function mysql_set_charset($charset,$dbh)
  {
    return mysql_query("set names $charset",$dbh);
  }
}
?>

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-5

nag QWE svgfr RTY org ¶

16 years ago


Here's an improved version of Janez R.'s function:
<?php
if (function_exists('mysql_set_charset') === false) {
    /**
     * Sets the client character set.
     *
     * Note: This function requires MySQL 5.0.7 or later.
     *
     * @see http://www.php.net/mysql-set-charset
     * @param string $charset A valid character set name
     * @param resource $link_identifier The MySQL connection
     * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure
     */
    function mysql_set_charset($charset, $link_identifier = null)
    {
        if ($link_identifier == null) {
            return mysql_query('SET CHARACTER SET "'.$charset.'"');
        } else {
            return mysql_query('SET CHARACTER SET "'.$charset.'"', $link_identifier);
        }
    }
}
?>

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-5

Anonymous ¶

16 years ago


Actually, this function is available in client libraries in MySQL 4.1.13 and newer, too.  So the real version requirement is MySQL >= 5.0.7 OR, if you're using MySQL 4, then >= 4.1.13.

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-12

emeszenes at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago


Massage for nabeelmoidu at gmail dot com:

For me works following code:

$mysqli = mysqli_connect( ... );
mysqli_query( $mysqli, 'SET NAMES "utf8" COLLATE "utf8_general_ci"' );

or just:

mysqli_set_charset( $mysqli, 'utf8' );

Regards, good luck!

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-8

Ronald ¶

16 years ago


I need to revoke most of my post below. What I found out afterwards is this:

1. if you do not use mysql_set_char mysql will NOT do any translations and thus store a utf8-character-byte as is. If you then retrieve this byte from the db and output it in a utf8 page it will show just fine BUT if other apps query this byte (expecting to find a latin1 byte) they will go wrong.

2. the 'bug' mentioned before only occurs if you use a ucase or lcase function in your statement (like: latin1_col = ucase('utf8 string')

Hope this helps, Ronald

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-12

Ronald ¶

16 years ago


I just hope that the text below will help someone who is struggling with charset encoding, specially when php-charset is different from the mysql-charset. Let me add that I really think that the php man-pages on the mysql-functions are lacking a lot of details on this important issues. Could someone add some useful text here?

Here is my situation. PHP5.2.4, MySql 4.1.15. A php web-application fully utf-8 encoded and a mysql database in latin1 charset.

To make this work I had to:

1. create and store all code files (php, html, inc, js, etc) in the utf-8 charset. Your editor should have an option for this, if not dump it.

2. check that your editor does not add a BOM (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte-order_mark) at the beginning of the file. Use a hex-editor to detect them if needed.

3. Set your apache environment to utf-8 by adding 'AddDefaultCharset utf-8' to your .htaccess. If you do not use apache add 'default_charset utf-8' to your php.ini. You have to do either of them (not both), php will use the apache setting where needed.

4. Additionally add this meta-tag to your html-header: '<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />'. This will help silly browsers (Oeps, IE again?) that ignore the utf-response-header send to them.

5. Check that the above line are listened to by check the 'page info' of your pages in firefox. It should show 2 (!!) utf-8 entries.

======== all of the above sofar has nothing to do with mysql ;-) ====== 

6. Do *NOT* (repeat NOT!) set the 'names' (set names *) or _ANY_ 'character set' (set character set *) (opposed to what they tell you on these pages).

7. Check the previous item by listing the results of the mysql query 'SHOW session VARIABLES'. All char_sets here should say 'latin1', except for the system one which is always 'utf8'. All collations should say 'latin1_*'. Furthermore the php function mysql_client_encoding() should also return latin1 (though I don't understand why; what does this value mean, I would think if php (being the client) is utf8 encoded this would be utf8?)

8 Finally test the above by storing this string in your db and output it in your webpage: 'Iñtërnâtiônàlizætiøn and €'.

Now what was interesting during testing and debugging of the above findings was:
1. If I would run 'mysql_set_charset('utf8')' _OR_ 'mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");' and then run a query in which I would have 'where char_column = 'abc''it would die with 'Illegal mix of collations'

2. If I would run 'mysql_query("SET character_set_client = 'utf8';"); mysql_query("SET character_set_result = 'utf8';")' the query would work BUT the non-ascii-characters would show scrambled in the browser.

3. BUT these 2 points above work just fine on my local dev-machine (php 5.2.3 & mysql 5.0.45)!!!!!!!!

This draws me to these 3 conclusions:

1. The Php-mysql-function library (5.2.+) does a fine job translating utf-8 queries & results to/from latin1! It's better to let php handle this for you then to have mysql do this.

2. Mysql (4.0.+) has 1 or more bugs (well, let's say unfinished features) that involve the charset-translations that are solved in 5.0.+.

3. It is not well enough documented! (Otherwise I would have to write this)

One last remark: clearly characters that exist in utf8 and not in latin1 (and vv.) will get lost during utf8-latin1-utf8 translation.

If any of the above is not correct or not complete feel free to correct this! (Or better yet, add a chapter to the php manual :-)

Cheers, Ronald

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