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    strtoupper

    (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    strtoupper — Renvoie une chaîne en majuscules

    Description

    strtoupper(string $string): string

    strtoupper() retourne string, après avoir converti tous les caractères alphabétiques en majuscules.

    Les octets dans la plage "a" (0x61) à "z" (0x7a) seront convertis en leur lettre majuscule correspondante en soustrayant 32 à chaque valeur d'octet.

    Cela peut être utilisé pour convertir des caractères ASCII dans des chaînes encodées avec UTF-8, car les caractères UTF-8 multioctets seront ignorés. Pour convertir des caractères non-ASCII multioctets, utilisez la fonction mb_strtoupper().

    Liste de paramètres

    string

    La chaîne d'entrée.

    Valeurs de retour

    Retourne la chaîne en majuscule.

    Historique

    Version Description
    8.2.0 La conversion de la casse ne dépend désormais plus de la locale définit avec setlocale(). Seuls les caractères ASCII seront convertis.

    Exemples

    Exemple #1 Exemple avec strtoupper()

    <?php
    $str     = "Marie A un Petit Agneau, et l'aime fORt.";
    $str = strtoupper($str);
    echo     $str; // MARIE A UN PETIT AGNEAU, ET L'AIME FORT.

    // Note : Très aurait été converti en TRèS
    ?>

    Notes

    Note: Cette fonction gère les chaînes binaires.

    Voir aussi

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    User Contributed Notes 16 notes

    up
    52
    andre at koethur dot de
    11 years ago
    One might think that setting the correct locale would do the trick with for example german umlauts, but this is not the case. You have to use mb_strtoupper() instead:

    <?php

    setlocale    (LC_CTYPE, 'de_DE.UTF8');

    echo     strtoupper('Umlaute äöü in uppercase'); // outputs "UMLAUTE äöü IN UPPERCASE"
    echo mb_strtoupper('Umlaute äöü in uppercase', 'UTF-8'); // outputs "UMLAUTE ÄÖÜ IN UPPERCASE"

    ?>
    up
    3
    uilmind at favor.com.ua
    8 years ago
    Here is how to make the character in upper case, except HTML-entities:

    $s = substr(preg_replace('/(?<=^|;)(.+?)(?=&[0-9A-Za-z]+;|$)/e', "strtoupper('$1')", ' '.$s), 1);

    There is small kludge, however. Unfortunately I tired to find out the way how to exclude HTML-entity at the start of the line, so I have added 1 dummy character at the start of the text and removing it after the conversion.
    up
    5
    mec at stadeleck dot org
    22 years ago
    something I myself first not thought about:
    if there are any html entities (named entities) in your string, strtoupper will turn all letters within this entities to upper case, too. So if you want to manipulate a string with strtoupper it should contain only unicode entities (if ever).
    up
    3
    spaceman at foo dot at
    16 years ago
    It has been mentioned in a previous comment that all you need to do to let PHP's strtoupper() do the conversion - instead of writing more or less complicated functions yourself - is to specify the locale in which you're doing the case conversion:

    <?php setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_AT") ?>

    It is important to note that setlocale() will silently fail if it can't find the specified locale on your system, so *always* check its return value. Try different spellings: using "de_AT" as an example, there are various combinations that may or may not work for you: "de", "de_AT.utf8", "de_AT.iso-8859-1", "de_AT.latin1", "de_AT@euro", etc).

    If you can't find an appropriate locale setting, check your system configuration (locales are a system-wide setting, PHP gets them from the OS). On Windows, locales can be set from the Control Panel; on Linux it depends on your distribution. You can try "sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales" on Debian-based distros, or configure them manually. On Ubuntu Dapper, I had to copy entries over from /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED to /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local, then do the dpkg-reconfigure.

    After you're done, restart the web server.

    That said, there are special cases where you want to do the conversion manually. In German, for example, the letter 'ß' (szlig) only exists as a lower-case character, and so doesn't get converted by strtoupper. The convential way to express a 'ß' in an uppercase string is "SS". This function will take care of this exception (for Latin1 and most of Latin9, at least):

    <?php

    define    ("LATIN1_UC_CHARS", "ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝ");
    define("LATIN1_LC_CHARS", "àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüý");

    function     uc_latin1 ($str) {
            $str = strtoupper(strtr($str, LATIN1_LC_CHARS, LATIN1_UC_CHARS));
        return     strtr($str, array("ß" => "SS"));
    }

    ?>
    up
    2
    bart at insane dot at
    18 years ago
    When using UTF-8 and need to convert to uppercase with
    special characters like the german ä,ö,ü (didn't test for french,polish,russian but think it should work, too) try this:

    function strtoupper_utf8($string){
        $string=utf8_decode($string);
        $string=strtoupper($string);
        $string=utf8_encode($string);
        return $string;
    }
    up
    2
    Anonymous
    20 years ago
    If you only need to extend the conversion by the characters of a certain language, it's possible to control this using an environment variable to change the locale:

    setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "de_DE");
    up
    0
    james at snasta dot ie
    13 years ago
    In the Irish language certain initial mutations can never be capitalized — the following simple function can be used to capitalize text in Irish.

    i.e. Muintir na hÉireann -> MUINTIR NA hÉIREANN

    <?php
    function strtoupper_ga($a) {
        return     strtr(mb_strtoupper($a, "utf-8"), array(
              " MB" => " mB",
              " GC" => " gC",
              " ND" => " nD",
              " BHF" => " bhF",
              " NG" => " nG",
              " BP" => " bP",
              " DT" => " dT",
              " HA" => " hA",
              " HE" => " hE",
              " HI" => " hI",
              " HO" => " hO",
              " HU" => " hU",
              " HÁ" => " hÁ",
              " HÉ" => " hÉ",
              " HÍ" => " hÍ",
              " HÓ" => " hÓ",
              " HÚ" => " hÚ"
            ));
    }
    ?>
    up
    0
    smieat
    14 years ago
    perfect solutions for turkish utf-8 (including i I conversations):

    <?php
    function strtolowertr($metin){
        return     mb_convert_case(str_replace('I','ı',$metin), MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
    }

    function     strtouppertr($metin){
        return     mb_convert_case(str_replace('i','İ',$metin), MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
    }

    function     ucwordstr($metin) {
        return     ltrim(mb_convert_case(str_replace(array(' I',' ı', ' İ', ' i'),array(' I',' I',' İ',' İ'),' '.$metin), MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8"));
    }

    function     ucfirsttr($metin) {
            $metin = in_array(crc32($metin[0]),array(1309403428, -797999993, 957143474)) ? array(strtouppertr(substr($metin,0,2)),substr($metin,2)) : array(strtouppertr($metin[0]),substr($metin,1));
    return     $metin[0].$metin[1];
    }
    ?>
    up
    0
    Anonymous
    19 years ago
    // 2005/5/30 Justin
        // Chinese_Traditional toupper
        function CT_to_upper($string)
        {       
            $isChineseStart = false;
           
              $new_string = "";
             $i = 0;
              while($i < strlen($string))
              {                  
                   if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
                   {
                       if( $isChineseStart == false )
                           $new_string .= strtoupper(mb_substr($string,$i,1));
                       else      
                           $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       if( $isChineseStart == false )
                           $isChineseStart = true;
                       else
                           $isChineseStart = false;                      
                        
                         $new_string .= substr($string,$i,1);
                   }
                   $i++;
              }
              return $new_string;         
        }
        //
    up
    -1
    RUNET
    17 years ago
    Russian

    function str_to_upper($str){
        return strtr($str,
        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".
        "\xE0\xE1\xE2\xE3\xE4\xE5".
        "\xb8\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea".
        "\xeb\xeC\xeD\xeE\xeF\xf0".
        "\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6".
        "\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfA\xfB\xfC".
        "\xfD\xfE\xfF",
        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".
        "\xC0\xC1\xC2\xC3\xC4\xC5".
        "\xA8\xC6\xC7\xC8\xC9\xCA".
        "\xCB\xCC\xCD\xCE\xCF\xD0".
        "\xD1\xD2\xD3\xD4\xD5\xD6".
        "\xD7\xD8\xD9\xDA\xDB\xDC".
        "\xDD\xDE\xDF");
    }
    up
    -2
    willyann at gmail dot com
    19 years ago
    chinese

    function to_upper($string) {
      $new_string = "";
      $i = 0;
      while($i < strlen($string)) {
       if (ord(substr($string,$i,1)) <128)
       {
         $new_string .= strtoupper(substr($string,$i,1));
         $i++;
       } else {
         $new_string .= substr($string,$i,2);
         $i=$i+2;
       }
      }
      return $new_string;
    }
    up
    -3
    chris at table4 dot com
    15 years ago
    Simple function to change the case of your string and any accented html characters contained within it.

    Inspired by fullUpper(), by silent at gmx dot li... just a little bit more atomic.

    <?php

    function convertCase($str, $case = 'upper')
    {     //yours, courtesy of table4.com  :)
          switch($case)
      {
        case     "upper" :
        default:
              $str = strtoupper($str);
              $pattern = '/&([A-Z])(UML|ACUTE|CIRC|TILDE|RING|';
              $pattern .= 'ELIG|GRAVE|SLASH|HORN|CEDIL|TH);/e';
              $replace = "'&'.'\\1'.strtolower('\\2').';'"; //convert the important bit back to lower
            break;
       
        case     "lower" :
              $str = strtolower($str);
        break;
      }
     
          $str = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $str);
      return     $str;
    }
    ?>

    Depending on what you are trying to achieve you would call like this:

    <?php

    //with entities...
    $str = convertCase(htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES, "ISO-8859-1"));

    ?>
    up
    -3
    adriaanse06 at hotmail dot com
    9 years ago
    $ther=''.THEREISALREADYA.' '.CONCEPT.' '.SAVED.' ';
    or
    $ther="There Is all ready A concept SAVED";

    $fupper=substr("$ther",0,1);
    pick the first char

    $theru = strtoupper($fupper);
    make it upper

    $flower=substr("$ther",1,100);
    pick the rest

    $therl = strtolower($flower);
    make them lower

    Result:
    There is all ready a concept saved
    up
    -2
    chris at ocproducts dot com
    5 years ago
    This function has a real challenge when it comes to Turkish. In Turkish the ASCII letter 'i' uppercases to a non-ASCII character. This means that PHP cannot upper case it.

    i.e. for the Turkish locale, strtoupper('i')=='i'

    This can mess with basic program logic.

    There's no simple solution. The core problem is discussed more here:
    http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/turkish-i18n.html
    up
    -12
    Oliv.
    17 years ago
    accents convertion trick :

    <?php
           
            function ucfirstHTMLentity($matches){
            return     "&".ucfirst(strtolower($matches[1])).";";
        }
        function     fullUpper($str){
                $subject = strtoupper(htmlentities($str, null, 'UTF-8'));
                $pattern = '/&([A-Z]+);/';
            return     preg_replace_callback($pattern, "ucfirstHTMLentity", $subject);
        }

            print     fullUpper($_REQUEST["txt"]);
       
    ?>
    up
    -13
    Dave
    6 years ago
    Why this function isn't just named "uppercase" or has an alias named that, I don't know.
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