If you intend on creating a lot of custom exceptions, you may find this code useful. I've created an interface and an abstract exception class that ensures that all parts of the built-in Exception class are preserved in child classes. It also properly pushes all information back to the parent constructor ensuring that nothing is lost. This allows you to quickly create new exceptions on the fly. It also overrides the default __toString method with a more thorough one.
<?php
interface IException
{
/* Protected methods inherited from Exception class */
public function getMessage(); // Exception message
public function getCode(); // User-defined Exception code
public function getFile(); // Source filename
public function getLine(); // Source line
public function getTrace(); // An array of the backtrace()
public function getTraceAsString(); // Formated string of trace
/* Overrideable methods inherited from Exception class */
public function __toString(); // formated string for display
public function __construct($message = null, $code = 0);
}
abstract class CustomException extends Exception implements IException
{
protected $message = 'Unknown exception'; // Exception message
private $string; // Unknown
protected $code = 0; // User-defined exception code
protected $file; // Source filename of exception
protected $line; // Source line of exception
private $trace; // Unknown
public function __construct($message = null, $code = 0)
{
if (!$message) {
throw new $this('Unknown '. get_class($this));
}
parent::__construct($message, $code);
}
public function __toString()
{
return get_class($this) . " '{$this->message}' in {$this->file}({$this->line})\n"
. "{$this->getTraceAsString()}";
}
}
?>
Now you can create new exceptions in one line:
<?php
class TestException extends CustomException {}
?>
Here's a test that shows that all information is properly preserved throughout the backtrace.
<?php
function exceptionTest()
{
try {
throw new TestException();
}
catch (TestException $e) {
echo "Caught TestException ('{$e->getMessage()}')\n{$e}\n";
}
catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Caught Exception ('{$e->getMessage()}')\n{$e}\n";
}
}
echo '<pre>' . exceptionTest() . '</pre>';
?>
Here's a sample output:
Caught TestException ('Unknown TestException')
TestException 'Unknown TestException' in C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\CustomException.php(31)
#0 C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\ExceptionTest.php(19): CustomException->__construct()
#1 C:\xampp\htdocs\CustomException\ExceptionTest.php(43): exceptionTest()
#2 {main}
예외
Table of Contents
PHP 5는 다른 프로그래밍 언어와 유사한 예외 모델을 가지고 있습니다. 예외를 throw해서, PHP 안에서 잡을(catch) 수 있습니다. 잠재적인 예외를 잡기 위해서 코드를 try 블록으로 감쌀 수 있습니다. 각 try는 최소한 하나의 catch나 finally 블록을 가져야 합니다.
던지는 객체는 반드시 Exception 클래스나 Exception의 자식 클래스이여야 합니다. 다른 객체를 던질 경우 PHP Fatal 오류를 발생합니다.
catch
여러 catch 블록이 각각 다른 예외 클래스를 잡을 수 있습니다. 일반적인 실행(try 블록에서 예외를 던지지 않거나, 던져진 예외 클래스에 해당하는 catch가 존재하지 않을 경우)에서는 마지막 catch 블록 정의 이후로 진행합니다. 예외는 catch 블록 안에서 (다시) throw할 수 있습니다.
예외가 던져지면, 따라오는 구문은 실행되지 않고, PHP는 해당하는 첫번째 catch 블록을 찾습니다. 예외가 잡히지 않으면, "Uncaught Exception ..." 메세지로 PHP Fatal Error가 발생합니다. set_exception_handler()로 핸들러를 정의하여 해당 오류를 처리할 수 있습니다.
finally
PHP 5.5 이후 부터 catch 블록 이후 또는 대신하여 finally 블록을 지정할 수 있습니다. finally 블록은 예외 발생 유무와 관계 없이 try와 catch 블록 이후에 항상 실행됩니다.
주의
Note:
내부 PHP 함수는 주로 오류 보고를 사용합니다. 최근의 객체 지향 확장만이 예외를 사용합니다. 그러나, 오류는 ErrorException을 사용하여 간단히 예외로 변환할 수 있습니다.
Tip
표준 PHP 라이브러리(SPL)는 여러 가지 내장 예외를 제공합니다.
예제
Example #3 예외 던지기
<?php
function inverse($x) {
if (!$x) {
throw new Exception('Division by zero.');
}
return 1/$x;
}
try {
echo inverse(5) . "\n";
echo inverse(0) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
// 계속 실행
echo "Hello World\n";
?>
위 예제의 출력:
0.2 Caught exception: Division by zero. Hello World
Example #4 finally 블록과 예외 다루기
<?php
function inverse($x) {
if (!$x) {
throw new Exception('Division by zero.');
}
return 1/$x;
}
try {
echo inverse(5) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n";
} finally {
echo "First finally.\n";
}
try {
echo inverse(0) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n";
} finally {
echo "Second finally.\n";
}
// 계속 실행
echo "Hello World\n";
?>
위 예제의 출력:
0.2 First finally. Caught exception: Division by zero. Second finally. Hello World
Example #5 중첩 예외
<?php
class MyException extends Exception { }
class Test {
public function testing() {
try {
try {
throw new MyException('foo!');
} catch (MyException $e) {
// rethrow it
throw $e;
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
var_dump($e->getMessage());
}
}
}
$foo = new Test;
$foo->testing();
?>
위 예제의 출력:
string(4) "foo!"
add a note
User Contributed Notes 15 notes
ask at nilpo dot com ¶
15 years ago
tianyiw at vip dot qq dot com ¶
1 year ago
Easy to understand `finally`.
<?php
try {
try {
echo "before\n";
1 / 0;
echo "after\n";
} finally {
echo "finally\n";
}
} catch (\Throwable) {
echo "exception\n";
}
?>
# Print:
before
finally
exception
Johan ¶
13 years ago
Custom error handling on entire pages can avoid half rendered pages for the users:
<?php
ob_start();
try {
/*contains all page logic
and throws error if needed*/
...
} catch (Exception $e) {
ob_end_clean();
displayErrorPage($e->getMessage());
}
?>
Shot (Piotr Szotkowski) ¶
16 years ago
‘Normal execution (when no exception is thrown within the try block, *or when a catch matching the thrown exception’s class is not present*) will continue after that last catch block defined in sequence.’
‘If an exception is not caught, a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an “Uncaught Exception …” message, unless a handler has been defined with set_exception_handler().’
These two sentences seem a bit contradicting about what happens ‘when a catch matching the thrown exception’s class is not present’ (and the second sentence is actually correct).
jlherren ¶
10 months ago
As noted elsewhere, throwing an exception from the `finally` block will replace a previously thrown exception. But the original exception is magically available from the new exception's `getPrevious()`.
<?php
try {
try {
throw new RuntimeException('Exception A');
} finally {
throw new RuntimeException('Exception B');
}
}
catch (Throwable $exception) {
echo $exception->getMessage(), "\n";
// 'previous' is magically available!
echo $exception->getPrevious()->getMessage(), "\n";
}
?>
Will print:
Exception B
Exception A
daviddlowe dot flimm at gmail dot com ¶
7 years ago
Starting in PHP 7, the classes Exception and Error both implement the Throwable interface. This means, if you want to catch both Error instances and Exception instances, you should catch Throwable objects, like this:
<?php
try {
throw new Error( "foobar" );
// or:
// throw new Exception( "foobar" );
}
catch (Throwable $e) {
var_export( $e );
}
?>
christof+php[AT]insypro.com ¶
7 years ago
In case your E_WARNING type of errors aren't catchable with try/catch you can change them to another type of error like this:
<?php
set_error_handler(function($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
if($errno === E_WARNING){
// make it more serious than a warning so it can be caught
trigger_error($errstr, E_ERROR);
return true;
} else {
// fallback to default php error handler
return false;
}
});
try {
// code that might result in a E_WARNING
} catch(Exception $e){
// code to handle the E_WARNING (it's actually changed to E_ERROR at this point)
} finally {
restore_error_handler();
}
?>
Edu ¶
11 years ago
The "finally" block can change the exception that has been throw by the catch block.
<?php
try{
try {
throw new \Exception("Hello");
} catch(\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage()." catch in\n";
throw $e;
} finally {
echo $e->getMessage()." finally \n";
throw new \Exception("Bye");
}
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage()." catch out\n";
}
?>
The output is:
Hello catch in
Hello finally
Bye catch out
mlaopane at gmail dot com ¶
6 years ago
<?php
/**
* You can catch exceptions thrown in a deep level function
*/
function employee()
{
throw new \Exception("I am just an employee !");
}
function manager()
{
employee();
}
function boss()
{
try {
manager();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
}
}
boss(); // output: "I am just an employee !"
Simo ¶
9 years ago
#3 is not a good example. inverse("0a") would not be caught since (bool) "0a" returns true, yet 1/"0a" casts the string to integer zero and attempts to perform the calculation.
telefoontoestel at nospam dot org ¶
10 years ago
When using finally keep in mind that when a exit/die statement is used in the catch block it will NOT go through the finally block.
<?php
try {
echo "try block<br />";
throw new Exception("test");
} catch (Exception $ex) {
echo "catch block<br />";
} finally {
echo "finally block<br />";
}
// try block
// catch block
// finally block
?>
<?php
try {
echo "try block<br />";
throw new Exception("test");
} catch (Exception $ex) {
echo "catch block<br />";
exit(1);
} finally {
echo "finally block<br />";
}
// try block
// catch block
?>
Tom Polomsk ¶
9 years ago
Contrary to the documentation it is possible in PHP 5.5 and higher use only try-finally blocks without any catch block.
Sawsan ¶
12 years ago
the following is an example of a re-thrown exception and the using of getPrevious function:
<?php
$name = "Name";
//check if the name contains only letters, and does not contain the word name
try
{
try
{
if (preg_match('/[^a-z]/i', $name))
{
throw new Exception("$name contains character other than a-z A-Z");
}
if(strpos(strtolower($name), 'name') !== FALSE)
{
throw new Exception("$name contains the word name");
}
echo "The Name is valid";
}
catch(Exception $e)
{
throw new Exception("insert name again",0,$e);
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
if ($e->getPrevious())
{
echo "The Previous Exception is: ".$e->getPrevious()->getMessage()."<br/>";
}
echo "The Exception is: ".$e->getMessage()."<br/>";
}
?>
lscorionjs at gmail dot com ¶
1 year ago
<?php
try {
$str = 'hi';
throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception) {
var_dump($str);
} finally {
var_dump($str);
}
?>
Output:
string(2) "hi"
string(2) "hi"
ilia-yats at ukr dot net ¶
1 year ago
Note some undocumented details about exceptions thrown from 'finally' blocks.
When exception is thrown from 'finally' block, it overrides the original not-caught (or re-thrown) exception. So the behavior is similar to 'return': value returned from 'finally' overrides the one returned earlier. And the original exception is automatically appended to the exceptions chain, i.e. becomes 'previous' for the new one. Example:
<?php
try {
try {
throw new Exception('thrown from try');
} finally {
throw new Exception('thrown from finally');
}
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $e->getPrevious()->getMessage();
}
// will output:
// thrown from finally
// thrown from try
?>
Example with re-throwing:
<?php
try {
try {
throw new Exception('thrown from try');
} catch (Exception $e) {
throw new Exception('thrown from catch');
} finally {
throw new Exception('thrown from finally');
}
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $e->getPrevious()->getMessage();
}
// will output:
// thrown from finally
// thrown from catch
?>
The same happens even if explicitly pass null as previous exception:
<?php
try {
try {
throw new Exception('thrown from try');
} finally {
throw new Exception('thrown from finally', null, null);
}
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $e->getPrevious()->getMessage();
}
// will output:
// thrown from finally
// thrown from try
?>
Also it is possible to pass previous exception explicitly, the 'original' one will be still appended to the chain, e.g.:
<?php
try {
try {
throw new Exception('thrown from try');
} finally {
throw new Exception(
'thrown from finally',
null,
new Exception('Explicitly set previous!')
);
}
} catch(Exception $e) {
echo $e->getMessage();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $e->getPrevious()->getMessage();
echo PHP_EOL;
echo $e->getPrevious()->getPrevious()->getMessage();
}
// will output:
// thrown from finally
// Explicitly set previous!
// thrown from try
?>
This seems to be true for versions 5.6-8.2.
