Note that you can only assign 255 colors to any image palette. If you try assigning more, imagecolorallocate() will fail.
If, for example, you are randomly allocating colors, it will be wise to check if you have used up all of the colors possible. You can use imagecolorclosest() to get the closest assigned color:
<?php
//assign random rgb values
$c1 = mt_rand(50,200); //r(ed)
$c2 = mt_rand(50,200); //g(reen)
$c3 = mt_rand(50,200); //b(lue)
//test if we have used up palette
if(imagecolorstotal($pic)>=255) {
//palette used up; pick closest assigned color
$color = imagecolorclosest($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
} else {
//palette NOT used up; assign new color
$color = imagecolorallocate($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
}
?>
Also, imagecolorallocate() will assign a new color EVERY time the function is called, even if the color already exists in the palette:
<?php
// [...]
imagecolorallocate($pic,125,125,125); //returns 5
imagecolorallocate($pic,125,125,125); //returns 6
imagecolorallocate($pic,125,125,125); //returns 7
// [...]
imagecolorallocate($pic,125,125,125); //returns 23
imagecolorallocate($pic,125,125,125); //returns 25
// [...]
// etc...
?>
So here, imagecolorexact() is useful:
<?php
//see if color already exists
$color = imagecolorexact($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
if($color==-1) {
//color does not exist; allocate a new one
$color = imagecolorallocate($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
}
?>
And, for nerdy-ness sake, we can put the two ideas together:
<?php
//assign random rgb values
$c1 = mt_rand(50,200); //r(ed)
$c2 = mt_rand(50,200); //g(reen)
$c3 = mt_rand(50,200); //b(lue)
//get color from palette
$color = imagecolorexact($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
if($color==-1) {
//color does not exist...
//test if we have used up palette
if(imagecolorstotal($pic)>=255) {
//palette used up; pick closest assigned color
$color = imagecolorclosest($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
} else {
//palette NOT used up; assign new color
$color = imagecolorallocate($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
}
}
?>
Or as a function:
<?php
function createcolor($pic,$c1,$c2,$c3) {
//get color from palette
$color = imagecolorexact($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
if($color==-1) {
//color does not exist...
//test if we have used up palette
if(imagecolorstotal($pic)>=255) {
//palette used up; pick closest assigned color
$color = imagecolorclosest($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
} else {
//palette NOT used up; assign new color
$color = imagecolorallocate($pic, $c1, $c2, $c3);
}
}
return $color;
}
for($i=0; $i<1000; $i++) { //1000 because it is significantly greater than 255
//assign random rgb values
$c1 = mt_rand(50,200); //r(ed)
$c2 = mt_rand(50,200); //g(reen)
$c3 = mt_rand(50,200); //b(lue)
//generate the color
$color = createcolor($pic,$c1,$c2,$c3);
//do something with color...
}
?>
imagecolorallocate
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
imagecolorallocate — 为图像分配颜色
说明
返回颜色标识符，表示由指定 RGB 成分组成的颜色。
必须调用 imagecolorallocate() 创建要在 image
表示的图像中使用的每种颜色。
注意:
第一次调用 imagecolorallocate() 会对基于调色板的图像填充背景色——使用 imagecreate() 建立的图像。
参数
-
image -
由图象创建函数(例如imagecreatetruecolor())返回的 GdImage 对象。
-
red -
红色成分的值。
-
green -
绿色成分的值。
-
blue -
蓝色成分的值。
返回值
颜色标识符，如果分配失败，则为 false。
示例
示例 #1 imagecolorallocate() 示例
<?php
$im = imagecreate(100, 100);
// 设置背景为红色
$background = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 0, 0);
// 设置一些颜色
$white = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
$black = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);
// 十六进制方式
$white = imagecolorallocate($im, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
$black = imagecolorallocate($im, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00);
?>参见
- imagecolorallocatealpha() - 为图像分配颜色
- imagecolordeallocate() - 取消图像颜色的分配
add a note
User Contributed Notes 21 notes
jahservant 13 at gmail dot com ¶
15 years ago
Ludo ¶
17 years ago
When working on an existant GIF images, if the number of different colours has reached the limits of the GIF format, imagecolorallocate will not use to the colour you ask her within the parameters, she will apply black !
That's a problem when generating images "on-the-fly" with many manipulations, from a GIF image.
To go round the problem, you have to convert the GIF image into a PNG one, and then you can work on the PNG and everything will be ok.
For example :
<?php
// first, convert into a PNG image
$handle = imagecreatefromgif('my_image.gif');
imagepng($handle, 'my_image.png');
imagedestroy($handle);
// then, you can work on it
$handle = imagecreatefrompng('my_image.png');
/*
* work on the image
*/
imagegif($handle);
?>
jernberg at fairytale dot se ¶
20 years ago
this might help someone, how to allocate an color from an html color-definition:
<?php
$fg = "#ff0080";
$red = 100;
$green = 100;
$blue = 100;
if( eregi( "[#]?([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})([0-9a-f]{2})", $fg, $ret ) )
{
$red = hexdec( $ret[1] );
$green = hexdec( $ret[2] );
$blue = hexdec( $ret[3] );
}
$text_color = ImageColorAllocate( $img1, $red, $green, $blue );
?>
William Barath ¶
17 years ago
Lots of hsv2rgb commentary but no working example, so here's mine:
<?php // hsv2rgb example translated from ImageMagick C code
function hsv2rgb($h, $s, $v)
{
$s /= 256.0;
if ($s == 0.0) return array($v,$v,$v);
$h /= (256.0 / 6.0);
$i = floor($h);
$f = $h - $i;
$p = (integer)($v * (1.0 - $s));
$q = (integer)($v * (1.0 - $s * $f));
$t = (integer)($v * (1.0 - $s * (1.0 - $f)));
switch($i) {
case 0: return array($v,$t,$p);
case 1: return array($q,$v,$p);
case 2: return array($p,$v,$t);
case 3: return array($p,$q,$v);
case 4: return array($t,$p,$v);
default: return array($v,$p,$q);
}
}
$image = ImageCreateTrueColor(256,128);
for ($y=0; $y<64; $y++) for($x=0; $x<256; $x++){
list($r,$g,$b) = hsv2rgb($x | 7,255,($y*4) |7);
$color = ($r << 16 ) | ($g << 8) | $b;
imagesetpixel($image, $x, $y-4, $color);
}
for ($y=64; $y<128; $y++) for($x=0; $x<256; $x++){
list($r,$g,$b) = hsv2rgb($x|7,((127-$y)*4)|7,255);
$color = ($r << 16) | ($g << 8) | $b;
imagesetpixel($image, $x, $y-4, $color);
}
for ($y=120; $y<128; $y++) for($x=0; $x<256; $x++){
$color = (($x |7) << 16) | (($x |7) << 8) | ($x |7);
imagesetpixel($image, $x, $y, $color);
}
header("Content-Type: image/png");
imagepng($image);
?>
SW ¶
18 years ago
This works! A Black-Image with vertical centered white Aliased Arial-Text and same left and right margin - used for Menu-Buttons.
<?php
function createImgText ($string="", $fontsize=0, $marginX=0, $imgH=0 , $fontfile="", $imgColorHex="", $txtColorHex=""){
if($string!=""){
Header("Content-type: image/png");
//
$spacing = 0;
$line = array("linespacing" => $spacing);
$box = @imageftbbox($fontsize,0,$fontfile,$string,$line)
or die("ERROR");
$tw=$box[4]-$box[0]; //image width
$marginY = $imgH - (($imgH - $fontsize) / 2);
$imgWidth = $tw + (2*$marginX);
$im = ImageCreate($imgWidth, $imgH);
$int = hexdec($imgColorHex);
$arr = array("red" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x10),
"green" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x8),
"blue" => 0xFF & $int);
$black = ImageColorAllocate($im, $arr["red"], $arr["green"], $arr["blue"]);
$int = hexdec($txtColorHex);
$arr = array("red" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x10),
"green" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x8),
"blue" => 0xFF & $int);
$white = ImageColorAllocate($im, $arr["red"], $arr["green"], $arr["blue"]);
ImageFtText($im, $fontsize, 0, $marginX, $marginY, $white, $fontfile, $string, array());
ImagePng($im);
ImageDestroy($im);
}else{
echo "ERROR!";
}
}
createImgText ("Hello World", 9, 10, 18, "arial.ttf", "000000", "FFFFFF");
?>
picklecj at rose-hulman dot edu ¶
17 years ago
Another solution to color limitation issues when creating gradients. This file takes width (px) and left and right colors (hex) and makes a gradient while only allocating 250 colors.
<?php
$leftR = hexdec(substr($_GET["left"],0,2));
$leftG = hexdec(substr($_GET["left"],2,2));
$leftB = hexdec(substr($_GET["left"],4,2));
$rightR = hexdec(substr($_GET["right"],0,2));
$rightG = hexdec(substr($_GET["right"],2,2));
$rightB = hexdec(substr($_GET["right"],4,2));
$image=imagecreate($_GET["width"],1);
for($i=0;$i<250;$i++) {
$colorset[$i] = imagecolorallocate($image, $leftR + ($i*(($rightR-$leftR)/250)), $leftG + ($i*(($rightG-$leftG)/250)), $leftB + ($i*(($rightB-$leftB)/250)));
}
for($i=0;$i<($_GET["width"]);$i++) {
imagesetpixel ($image, $i, 0, $colorset[(int)($i/($_GET["width"]/250))] );
}
header("Content-type: image/png");
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
?>
example: gradient.php?width=640&left=000000&right=FF0000
Makes a 640px-wide image that fades from black to red.
bisqwit at iki dot fi ¶
22 years ago
Actually, you can't allocate more than 256 colours for an paletted image (ImageCreate).
Use ImageCreateTrueColor instead. For it to work, you need libgd version 2 support in php though.
behun at webconsult dot sk ¶
18 years ago
Also, when you need more then 256 colors, use imagecreatetruecolor function. With this function you can use unlimited number of colors.
phillip dot gooch at gmail dot com ¶
14 years ago
If you even in a situation where it's not allocating the color you want it could be because of your images color allocation table. GIF and 8-bit PNG images are very susceptible to this.
If your using an GIF and PNG try dropping a color from the table, should let you allocate another.
mlse ¶
19 years ago
Another more general variation on the theme using the same naming conventions as the hexdec and dechex built-in functions ...
Prototype:
array hexrgb ( string hex_string )
Returns:
An associative array of the RGB components specified in hex_string.
hexrgb() example:
<?php
$rgb = hexrgb("0xAABBCC");
print_r($rgb);
?>
Output is:
Array
(
[red] => 170
[green] => 187
[blue] => 204
)
Implementation:
<?php
function hexrgb ($hexstr)
{
$int = hexdec($hexstr);
return array("red" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x10),
"green" => 0xFF & ($int >> 0x8),
"blue" => 0xFF & $int);
}
?>
The output of hexdec can then be passed to imagecolorallocate and manipulated as required.
mail at kailashnadh dot name ¶
19 years ago
This nifty function will produce the negative of a given image!
<?php
/********************************
Code by Kailash Nadh
http://kailashnadh.name
usage:
img2neg("my_pic.jpg");
*********************************/
function img2neg($pic) {
header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
$source=imagecreatefromjpeg($pic); // Source
$width=imagesx($source); $height=imagesy($source);
$im = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height); // Our negative img in the making
for($y=0; $y < $height; $y++) {
for($x=0; $x < $width; $x++) {
$colors=imagecolorsforindex($source, imagecolorat($source, $x,$y));
// this is what makes the colors negative
$r=255-$colors['red'];
$g=255-$colors['green'];
$b=255-$colors['blue'];
$test=imagecolorallocate($im, $r,$g,$b);
imagesetpixel($im,$x, $y, $test);
}
}
imagejpeg($im);
imagedestroy($im);
}
?>
mv at brazil dot com ¶
19 years ago
<?php
/**
* Create a image bar using lib GD
* Ege. <img src="color_sample.php?color=FF0000" width="10 height="30">
*/
// Split the HTML color representation
$hexcolor = str_split($_GET["color"], 2);
// Convert HEX values to DECIMAL
$bincolor[0] = hexdec("0x{$hexcolor[0]}");
$bincolor[1] = hexdec("0x{$hexcolor[1]}");
$bincolor[2] = hexdec("0x{$hexcolor[2]}");
$im = ImageCreate(100, 100);
$colorallocate = ImageColorAllocate($im, $bincolor[0], $bincolor[1], $bincolor[2]);
ImageFilledRectangle($im, 0, 0, 100, 100, $colorallocate);
header('Content-Type: image/png');
ImagePNG($im);
?>
Zigbigidorlu at hotmail dot com ¶
19 years ago
Here's a very simple and very effective code to change a HEX color to RGB.
<?php
function HEX2RGB($color){
$color_array = array();
$hex_color = strtoupper($color);
for($i = 0; $i < 6; $i++){
$hex = substr($hex_color,$i,1);
switch($hex){
case "A": $num = 10; break;
case "B": $num = 11; break;
case "C": $num = 12; break;
case "D": $num = 13; break;
case "E": $num = 14; break;
case "F": $num = 15; break;
default: $num = $hex; break;
}
array_push($color_array,$num);
}
$R = (($color_array[0] * 16) + $color_array[1]);
$G = (($color_array[2] * 16) + $color_array[3]);
$B = (($color_array[4] * 16) + $color_array[5]);
return array($R,$G,$B);
unset($color_array,$hex,$R,$G,$B);
}
?>
andreoli dot carlo at libero dot it ¶
19 years ago
hsl to RGB
(not yet optimized but it function)
<?php
function hslToRgb ($h, $s, $l) {
if ($h>240 || $h<0) return array(0,0,0);
if ($s>240 || $s<0) return array(0,0,0);
if ($l>240 || $l<0) return array(0,0,0);
if ($h<=40) {
$R=255;
$G=(int)($h/40*256);
$B=0;
}
elseif ($h>40 && $h<=80) {
$R=(1-($h-40)/40)*256;
$G=255;
$B=0;
}
elseif ($h>80 && $h<=120) {
$R=0;
$G=255;
$B=($h-80)/40*256;
}
elseif ($h>120 && $h<=160) {
$R=0;
$G=(1-($h-120)/40)*256;
$B=255;
}
elseif ($h>160 && $h<=200) {
$R=($h-160)/40*256;
$G=0;
$B=255;
}
elseif ($h>200) {
$R=255;
$G=0;
$B=(1-($h-200)/40)*256;
}
$R=$R+(240-$s)/240*(128-$R);
$G=$G+(240-$s)/240*(128-$G);
$B=$B+(240-$s)/240*(128-$B);
if ($l<120) {
$R=($R/120)*$l;
$G=($G/120)*$l;
$B=($B/120)*$l;
}
else {
$R=$l*((256-$R)/120)+2*$R-256;
$G=$l*((256-$G)/120)+2*$G-256;
$B=$l*((256-$B)/120)+2*$B-256;
}
if ($R<0) $R=0;
if ($R>255) $R=255;
if ($G<0) $G=0;
if ($G>255) $G=255;
if ($B<0) $B=0;
if ($B>255) $B=255;
return array((int)$R,(int)$G,(int)$B);
}
?>
Anonymous ¶
19 years ago
When you are using truecolor images, you can also use bitwise operations to generate the color:
<?php
$color = ($r << 16) | ($g << 8) | $b; // 2261213
?>
This is identical to the imagecolorallocate() function, in truecolor images!
aaron at parecki dot com ¶
20 years ago
This will let you tint an image to any specific color. The blacks of the source image become your specified color, and the whites remain white. Works best for colorizing greyscale images.
<?php
$r = 224;
$g = 192;
$b = 0;
$source_file = "picture.jpg";
$im_src = ImageCreateFromJpeg($source_file);
$im_tint = ImageCreate(imagesx($im_src),imagesy($im_src));
for ($c = 0; $c < 255; $c++) {
ImageColorAllocate($im_tint, max($r,$c), max($g,$c), max($b,$c));
}
ImageCopyMerge($im_tint,$im_src,0,0,0,0, imagesx($im_src), imagesy($im_src), 100);
ImageDestroy($im_src);
header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
imagejpeg($im_tint);
?>
tyberis ¶
20 years ago
2 functions to convert from HSV colorspace (hue/saturation/brightness) to RGB (red/green/blue) colorspace and back.
<?php
// $c = array($red, $green, $blue)
// $red=[0..1], $green=[0..1], $blue=[0..1];
function rgb2hsv($c) {
list($r,$g,$b)=$c;
$v=max($r,$g,$b);
$t=min($r,$g,$b);
$s=($v==0)?0:($v-$t)/$v;
if ($s==0)
$h=-1;
else {
$a=$v-$t;
$cr=($v-$r)/$a;
$cg=($v-$g)/$a;
$cb=($v-$b)/$a;
$h=($r==$v)?$cb-$cg:(($g==$v)?2+$cr-$cb:(($b==$v)?$h=4+$cg-$cr:0));
$h=60*$h;
$h=($h<0)?$h+360:$h;
}
return array($h,$s,$v);
}
// $c = array($hue, $saturation, $brightness)
// $hue=[0..360], $saturation=[0..1], $brightness=[0..1]
function hsv2rgb($c) {
list($h,$s,$v)=$c;
if ($s==0)
return array($v,$v,$v);
else {
$h=($h%=360)/60;
$i=floor($h);
$f=$h-$i;
$q[0]=$q[1]=$v*(1-$s);
$q[2]=$v*(1-$s*(1-$f));
$q[3]=$q[4]=$v;
$q[5]=$v*(1-$s*$f);
//return(array($q[($i+4)%5],$q[($i+2)%5],$q[$i%5]));
return(array($q[($i+4)%6],$q[($i+2)%6],$q[$i%6])); //[1]
}
}
?>
[1] - EDITOR NOTE: THIS IS A FIX FROM "hc at hob(removethis)soft dot net".
smoli at paranoya dot ch ¶
20 years ago
Some of you maybe want to use HSV color model for drawing color selectors and circles:
<?php
function &colormap_hsv_to_rgb($h, $s, $v)
{
$ret = new stdClass();
if($s == 0)
{
$ret->r = $v;
$ret->g = $v;
$ret->b = $v;
return $ret;
}
else
{
$h = floatval($h) / 255.0;
$s = floatval($s) / 255.0;
$v = floatval($v) / 255.0;
$hue = $h;
if($hue == 1.0)
$hue = 0.0;
$hue *= 6.0;
$i = intval($hue);
$f = $hue - floatval($i);
$w = $v * (1.0 - $s);
$q = $v * (1.0 - ($s * $f));
$t = $v * (1.0 - ($s * (1.0 - $f)));
switch($i)
{
case 0: $ret->r = $v; $ret->g = $t; $ret->b = $w; break;
case 1: $ret->r = $q; $ret->g = $v; $ret->b = $w; break;
case 2: $ret->r = $w; $ret->g = $v; $ret->b = $t; break;
case 3: $ret->r = $w; $ret->g = $q; $ret->b = $v; break;
case 4: $ret->r = $t; $ret->g = $w; $ret->b = $v; break;
case 5: $ret->r = $v; $ret->g = $w; $ret->b = $q; break;
}
}
$ret->r = intval($ret->r * 255.0);
$ret->g = intval($ret->g * 255.0);
$ret->b = intval($ret->b * 255.0);
return $ret;
}
?>
chris at drunkenpirates dot co dot uk ¶
21 years ago
<?php
/*
An example combining the use of ImageColorAllocate, Imagesetpixel, Imagecopyresized and some basic Trig
*/
Header("Content-type: image/png");
$height = 128;
$width = 128;
$imA = ImageCreate($width, $height);
$imB = ImageCreate($width*4, $height*4);
$bckA = ImageColorAllocate($imA, 0,0,0);
$bckB = ImageColorAllocate($imB, 0,0,0);
//GENERATE GRAY SCALE PALLETE
for($c=0;$c<256;$c++){
ImageColorAllocate($imA, $c, $c, $c);
}
//PRODUCE DATA
$m=rand(0,10);
for($c=0;$c<128;$c++){
$s= (sin( deg2rad($c*360*$m/128) )+1)*127;
$col_arr[$c]=$s;
}
for($y=0;$y<$height;$y++){
for($x=0;$x<$width;$x++){
$imgA[$x][$y]=$col_arr[$x];
}
}
for($y=0;$y<$height;$y++){
for($x=0;$x<$width;$x++){
$imgB[$x][$y]=$col_arr[$y];
}
}
//SET PIXELS
for($y=0;$y<$height;$y++){
for($x=0;$x<$width;$x++){
$imgC[$x][$y]=$imgA[$x][$y]+$imgB[$x][$y];
$s=$imgC[$x][$y]/2;
Imagesetpixel($imA,$x,$y,$s);
}
}
//RESIZE IMAGE FOR DISPLAY
Imagecopyresized ($imB, $imA, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width*4, $height*4, $width, $width);
ImagePNG($imB);
?>
divinity76 at gmail dot com ¶
8 years ago
you have VERY limited space for color indexes (255 indexes on my system, with over 10 GB ram available, cli, no memory limit), when there is no more indexes available, imagecolorallocate will return false. when you create 2x indexes with the same r/g/b, you waste this very limited space. the function below should never fail, AND never waste any color index space. if there's already an index with the rgb, it will return the existing index, else it will try allocate 1, in the event that allocation fail (presumably because all index space is used up already), it will return the closest match to what you requested, and warn you via $couldFindExact.
function myimagecolorallocate($gd,int $red,int $green,int $blue,bool &$couldFindExact=null):int{
$ret=imagecolorexact($gd, $red, $green, $blue);
if($ret===-1){
$ret=imagecolorallocate($gd, $red, $green, $blue);
if($ret===false){
$couldFindExact=false;//out of color indexes (255 index by default..wish i knew why)
$ret=imagecolorclosest($gd, $red, $green, $blue);
} else {
$couldFindExact=true;
}
} else {
$couldFindExact=true;
}
return $ret;
}
leif at harmsen dot net ¶
21 years ago
I was unable to get any of the posted methods for converting colour to grayscale to work. The problem appears to be the way gd creates images from jpeg inconsistently over various versions. Eventually I wrote my own that works for me - this approach allocates the 256 color pallete first. You can also play with separate $r, $g, $b variables before using imagecolorallocate in order to tone or tint the image.
<?php
$resource = 'whatever.jpg';
$im_size = GetImageSize($resource);
$imageWidth = $im_size[0];
$imageHeight = $im_size[1];
$im = imageCreate($imageWidth,$imageHeight);
for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
ImageColorAllocate($im, $c,$c,$c);
}
$im2 = ImageCreateFromJpeg($resource);
ImageCopyMerge($im,$im2,0,0,0,0, $imageWidth, $imageHeight, 100);
ImageDestroy($im2);
?>
go on using $im as your image, it is now grayscale ....
