imagecolorclosest

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

imagecolorclosest — Get the index of the closest color to the specified color

설명

int imagecolorclosest ( resource $image , int $red , int $green , int $blue )

Returns the index of the color in the palette of the image which is "closest" to the specified RGB value.

The "distance" between the desired color and each color in the palette is calculated as if the RGB values represented points in three-dimensional space.

이미지를 파일에서 생성하였을 경우, 이미지에서 사용한 색만 해석됩니다. 팔레트에 존재하는 색은 해석되지 않습니다.

인수

image: imagecreatetruecolor() 등의 이미지 생성 함수에서 반환한 이미지 자원.
red: Red 컴포넌트 값.
green: Green 컴포넌트 값.
blue: Blue 컴포넌트 값.

The colors parameters are integers between 0 and 255 or hexadecimals between 0x00 and 0xFF.

반환값

Returns the index of the closest color, in the palette of the image, to the specified one

예제

Example #1 Search for a set of colors in an image


<?php
// Start with an image and convert it to a palette-based image
$im = imagecreatefrompng('figures/imagecolorclosest.png');
imagetruecolortopalette($im, false, 255);

// Search colors (RGB)
$colors = array(
    array(254, 145, 154),
    array(153, 145, 188),
    array(153, 90, 145),
    array(255, 137, 92)
);

// Loop through each search and find the closest color in the palette.
// Return the search number, the search RGB and the converted RGB match
foreach($colors as $id => $rgb)
{
    $result = imagecolorclosest($im, $rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]);
    $result = imagecolorsforindex($im, $result);
    $result = "({$result['red']}, {$result['green']}, {$result['blue']})";

    echo "#$id: Search ($rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]); Closest match: $result.\n";
}

imagedestroy($im);
?>

위 예제의 출력 예시:

#0: Search (254, 145, 154); Closest match: (252, 150, 148).
#1: Search (153, 145, 188); Closest match: (148, 150, 196).
#2: Search (153, 90, 145); Closest match: (148, 90, 156).
#3: Search (255, 137, 92); Closest match: (252, 150, 92).

참고

imagecolorexact() - Get the index of the specified color
imagecolorclosestalpha() - Get the index of the closest color to the specified color + alpha
imagecolorclosesthwb() - Get the index of the color which has the hue, white and blackness

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User Contributed Notes 4 notes

down

info at codeworx dot ch ¶

13 years ago


Here is a function that compares two HEX colors for similarity. This can be useful if you want to detect colors that are not different enough to see for the naked eye. It returns a bool: TRUE if the colors are similar to each other (within tolerance) or FALSE if they are different enough.
I tested a few colors and came up with a tolerance of 35 (rgb value - should be between 0 and 255) but you can change that tolerance by passing a third parameter to the function.

<?php
function compareColors ($col1, $col2, $tolerance=35) {
    $col1Rgb = array(
        "r" => hexdec(substr($col1, 0, 2)),
        "g" => hexdec(substr($col1, 2, 2)),
        "b" => hexdec(substr($col1, 4, 2))
    );
    $col2Rgb = array(
        "r" => hexdec(substr($col2, 0, 2)),
        "g" => hexdec(substr($col2, 2, 2)),
        "b" => hexdec(substr($col2, 4, 2))
    );
    return ($col1Rgb['r'] >= $col2Rgb['r'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['r'] <= $col2Rgb['r'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['g'] >= $col2Rgb['g'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['g'] <= $col2Rgb['g'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['b'] >= $col2Rgb['b'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['b'] <= $col2Rgb['b'] + $tolerance);
}
?>

down

Hayley Watson ¶

7 years ago


RGB space isn't the best choice for measuring the distance between two colours, since it ignores, for example, the fact that we count both dark green and light green as "green" (the RGB distance between #000000 and #7f7f7f is the same as the distance between #000000 and #5443c0 - a slightly darkened SlateBlue).

A better choice of colour space that conforms better to how colours are perceived is the so-called Lab space, which measures colours according to how light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue they are. (There are still better models, but they come at the expense of increased computation.)

<?php

function warp1($c)
{
    if($c > 10.3148)
    {
        return pow((561 + 40*$c)/10761, 2.4);
    }
    else
    {
        return $c / 3294.6;
    }
}
function warp2($c)
{
    if($c > 0.008856)
    {
        return pow($c, 1/3);
    }
    else
    {
        return 7.787 * $c + 4/29;
    }
}
function rgb2lab($rgb)
{
    [$red, $green, $blue] = array_map('warp1', $rgb);

    $x = warp2($red * 0.4339 + $green * 0.3762 + $blue * 0.1899);
    $y = warp2($red * 0.2126 + $green * 0.7152 + $blue * 0.0722);
    $z = warp2($red * 0.0178 + $green * 0.1098 + $blue * 0.8730);

    $l = 116*$y - 16;
    $a = 500 * ($x - $y);
    $b = 200 * ($y - $z);
    
    return array_map('intval', [$l, $a, $b]);
}

function generate_palette_from_image($image)
{
    $pal = [];
    $width = imagesx($image);
    $height = imagesy($image);
    for($x = 0; $x < $width; ++$x)
    {
        for($y = 0; $y < $height; ++$y)
        {
            $pal[] = imagecolorat($image, $x, $y);
        }
    }
    return array_map(function($col)use($image)
    {
        $rgba = imagecolorsforindex($image, $col);
        return [$rgba['red'], $rgba['green'], $rgba['blue']];
    },    array_unique($pal));
}

function closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)
{
    // Quick return when the exact
    // colour is in the palette.
    if(($idx = array_search($rgb, $palette)) !== false)
    {
        return $idx;
    }
    [$tl, $ta, $tb] = rgb2lab($rgb);
    $dists = array_map(function($plab)use($tl, $ta, $tb)
    {
        [$pl, $pa, $pb] = $plab;
        $dl = $pl - $tl;
        $da = $pa - $ta;
        $db = $pa - $tb;
        return $dl * $dl + $da * $da + $db * $db;
    }, array_map('rgb2lab', $palette));
    return array_search(min($dists), $dists);
}

function closest_rgb_in_image($rgb, $image)
{
    $palette = generate_palette_from_image($image);
    return $palette[closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)];
}

$lena = imagecreatefrompng('lena.png');
$red = closest_rgb_in_image([255,0,0],$lena);
echo join(' ', $red);  // 228 71 82

?>

If you're going to be matching a lot of colours to a palette, you may want to precompute and reuse the Lab palette, instead of generating it fresh each time as done here.

down

-1

MagicalTux at FF dot st ¶

19 years ago


A way to get each time an answer :

<?php
function imagegetcolor($im, $r, $g, $b) {
        $c=imagecolorexact($im, $r, $g, $b);
        if ($c!=-1) return $c;
        $c=imagecolorallocate($im, $r, $g, $b);
        if ($c!=-1) return $c;
        return imagecolorclosest($im, $r, $g, $b);
}
?>

If the *exact* color is found in the image, it will be returned. If we don't have the exact color, we try to allocate it. If we can't allocate it, we return the closest color in the image.

down

-1

Vikrant Korde <vakorde at hotmail dot com> ¶

21 years ago


This functuion is useful when you are dealing with previously present images like .png, .jpg, etc. You can use this function for writing a text on the image.

For me the function imagecolorallocate() was returning the -1 value. after lot of RnD and site search i found a function use of imagecolorclosest(). This solved my problem of writing the text on the image with customised color. 

Actually previously it was writing on the image but the color was not distinct. It was using the same color as of that background image. 

The following code segment was fine with me.

header ("Content-type: image/jpeg"); 
$im = imagecreatefromjpeg("BlankButton.jpg");
$white = imageColorClosest($im, 255,255,255);
// this is for TTF fonts
imagettftext ($im, 20, 0, 16, 30, $white, "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/luximb.ttf", "Vikrant"); 

//this is for notmal font
imagestring($im, 4, 0,0,"Korde", $white);
imagejpeg($im,"",150); 
imagedestroy ($im);

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