As the documentation says, the comparison function needs to return an integer that is either "less than, equal to, or greater than zero". There is no requirement to restrict the value returned to -1, 0, 1.
<?php
usort($array, function($a, $b) {
if($a->integer_property > $b->integer_property) {
return 1;
}
elseif($a->integer_property < $b->integer_property) {
return -1;
}
else {
return 0;
}
});
?>
can be simplified to
<?php
usort($array, function($a, $b) {
return $a->integer_property - $b->integer_property;
});
?>
This of course applies to any comparison function that calculates an integer "score" for each of its arguments to decide which is "greater".
usort
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
usort — 사용자 정의 비교 함수를 사용하여 값에 의한 배열 정렬
설명
이 함수는 사용자 제공 비교 함수를 사용하여 값들에 의해 배열을 정렬할 것이다. 정렬하고자 하는 배열이 흔히 사용되지 않는 방법에 의해 정렬할 필요가 있으면, 이 함수를 사용해야 한다.
Note:
두 멤버가 같은 것으로 비교되면, 정렬한 배열에서 그들의 순서는 정의되지 않습니다.
Note: 이 함수는
array에 새로운 키를 할당합니다. 이 작업은 단순히 키를 재배열할 뿐만 아니라, 이미 할당되어 있는 키를 제거할 수 있습니다.
인수
-
array -
입력 배열.
-
cmp_function -
비교 함수는 첫번째 인수가 두번째 인수보다 작거나, 같거나, 크다고 판단되면 0 보다 작거나, 같거나, 큰 정수를 반환해야 한다.
반환값
성공 시 TRUE를, 실패 시 FALSE를 반환합니다.
변경점
| 버전 | 설명 |
|---|---|
| 4.1.0 |
새 정렬 알고리즘이 도입되었습니다.
cmp_function은 같다고 비교되는 원소의 순서를
유지하지 않습니다.
|
예제
Example #1 usort() 예제
<?php
function cmp($a, $b)
{
if ($a == $b) {
return 0;
}
return ($a < $b) ? -1 : 1;
}
$a = array(3, 2, 5, 6, 1);
usort ($a, "cmp");
foreach ($a as $key => $value) {
echo "$key: $value\n";
}
?>
위 예제의 출력:
0: 1 1: 2 2: 3 3: 5 4: 6
Note:
명백히 이런 흔한 경우에는 sort() 함수가 더욱 적절할것이다.
Example #2 다차원 배열을 사용하는 usort() 예제
<?php
function cmp($a, $b)
{
return strcmp($a["fruit"], $b["fruit"]);
}
$fruits[0]["fruit"] = "lemons";
$fruits[1]["fruit"] = "apples";
$fruits[2]["fruit"] = "grapes";
usort($fruits, "cmp");
while (list($key, $value) = each($fruits)) {
echo "\$fruits[$key]: " . $value["fruit"] . "\n";
}
?>
다차원 배열을 정렬할 때에는, $a와 $b는 배열의 첫번째 인덱스의 참조를 포함한다.
위 예제의 출력:
$fruits[0]: apples $fruits[1]: grapes $fruits[2]: lemons
Example #3 객체의 멤버 함수를 사용하는 usort() 예제
<?php
class TestObj {
var $name;
function TestObj($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
/* 정적 비교 함수: */
static function cmp_obj($a, $b)
{
$al = strtolower($a->name);
$bl = strtolower($b->name);
if ($al == $bl) {
return 0;
}
return ($al > $bl) ? +1 : -1;
}
}
$a[] = new TestObj("c");
$a[] = new TestObj("b");
$a[] = new TestObj("d");
usort($a, array("TestObj", "cmp_obj"));
foreach ($a as $item) {
echo $item->name . "\n";
}
?>
위 예제의 출력:
b c d
add a note
User Contributed Notes 10 notes
Hayley Watson ¶
11 years ago
luke dot semerau at gmail dot com ¶
15 years ago
If you need to use usort with a key in the calling method, I wrote this as a utility:
<?php
function usort_comparison($obj, $method, $key) {
$usorter = &new Usort($obj, $method, $key);
return array($usorter, "sort");
}
class Usort {
function __construct($obj, $method, $key) {
$this->obj = $obj;
$this->method = $method;
$this->key = $key;
}
function sort($a, $b) {
return call_user_func_array(array($this->obj, $this->method), array($a, $b, $this->key));
}
}
?>
<?php
require_once("util/usort.php");
class Foo {
$items = array(FooBar(13), FooBar(2));
public function sorter() {
usort($this-items, usort_comparison("Foo", "_cmp", "item"));
}
public static function _cmp($a, $b, $key) {
return strcasecmp($a->$key, $b->$key);
}
}
class FooBar {
public $item;
function __construct($val) {
$this->item = $val;
}
}
?>
~ simple example... but in the way I need to use it was the key was used in a switch statement to choose the different member of the object to compare against dynamically (as in, sort by x or y or z)
mkr at binarywerks dot dk ¶
21 years ago
If you want to sort an array according to another array acting as a priority list, you can use this function.
<?php
function listcmp($a, $b)
{
global $order;
foreach($order as $key => $value)
{
if($a==$value)
{
return 0;
break;
}
if($b==$value)
{
return 1;
break;
}
}
}
$order[0] = "first";
$order[1] = "second";
$order[2] = "third";
$array[0] = "second";
$array[1] = "first";
$array[2] = "third";
$array[3] = "fourth";
$array[4] = "second";
$array[5] = "first";
$array[6] = "second";
usort($array, "listcmp");
print_r($array);
?>
sydney at totoche dot org ¶
18 years ago
Instead of doing :
<?php $strc = strcmp( strtolower($a[$f]), strtolower($b[$f]) ); ?>
you could do this :
<?php $strc = strcasecmp( $a[$f], $b[$f] ); ?>
which is more efficient and is does case insensitive comparison according to the current locale.
derek at luddite dot net ¶
23 years ago
Needed a date sort and I didn't know if one was available so I wrote one. Maybe it'll help someone:
<?php
function DateSort($a,$b,$d="-") {
if ($a == $b) {
return 0;
} else { //Convert into dates and compare
list($am,$ad,$ay)=split($d,$a);
list($bm,$bd,$by)=split($d,$b);
if (mktime(0,0,0,$am,$ad,$ay) < mktime(0,0,0,$bm,$bd,$by)) {
return -1;
} else {
return 1;
}
}
}
?>
$d is the delimeter
gus dot antoniassi at gmail dot com ¶
4 years ago
This is a simple way to sort based on a "priority list":
<?php
$order = [1,3,0,2];
$arr = [
[ 'id' => 0 ],
[ 'id' => 1 ],
[ 'id' => 2 ],
[ 'id' => 3 ],
];
uasort(
$arr,
function ($a, $b) use ($order) {
return array_search($a['id'], $order) <=> array_search($b['id'], $order);
}
);
print_r($arr);
?>
This will return:
Array
(
[1] => Array
(
[id] => 1
)
[3] => Array
(
[id] => 3
)
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 0
)
[2] => Array
(
[id] => 2
)
)
Note that if you have a value in $arr that is not on the $order list, you will need additional checks since the array_search function returns FALSE for undefined indexes.
chris at candm dot org dot uk ¶
5 years ago
In case anyone is interested, comparative timings over 100000000 runs
Based on comparing integers (500 and 501)
Spaceship:4
()?: operator:10
Subtraction:2
Based on comparing floats (500.1 and 501.3) (caveats noted)
Spaceship:5
()?: operator:9
Subtraction:3
Based on comparing strings ("five" and "four")
Spaceship:7
()?: operator:17
(Subtraction obviously not available)
Note: a dummy run was done with an empty loop and the elapsed time for this was subtracted from each of the above times so that they reflect ONLY the time to do the comparisons. As for significance. unless you are doing very large numbers of comparisons where spaceships are the order of the day, the difference is insignificant.
inigo dot grimbergen at gmail dot com ¶
7 years ago
to sort with numeric and empty values and have the smallest on top:
<?php
usort($list, function($a, $b) {
if( $a == null && $b != null ) return 1;
if( $a != null && $b == null ) return -1;
return $a > $b ? 1 : -1;
});
?>
returns
1
2
3
null
null
null
andi_mclean at ntlworld dot com ¶
12 years ago
I needed a sort method that would sort strings but take note of any numbers and would compare them as number. I also want to ignore any non alphanumerical characters.
Eg.
Slot 1 Example
Slot 10 Example
Slot 2 Example
Should infact be
Slot 1 Example
Slot 2 Example
Slot 10 Example
<?php
function sort_with_numbers($a , $b) {
$a = explode(' ',$a);
$b = explode(' ',$b);
$size = min(count($a), count($b));
for($index =0; $index < $size; ++$index) {
$a1 = ereg_replace("[^A-Za-z0-9]", "",$a[$index]);
$b1 = ereg_replace("[^A-Za-z0-9]", "",$b[$index]);
$equal = 0;
if (is_numeric($a1) && is_numeric($b1)) {
$equal = $a1 - $b1;
} else {
$equal = strcasecmp($a1,$b1);
}
if ($equal < 0) {
return -1;
}
if ($equal > 0) {
return 1;
}
}
return count($a) - count($b);
}
?>
bo at erichsen dot com ¶
23 years ago
when using usort to refer to a function inside a class i have succesfully used:
<?php usort($myarray,array($this,"cmp")); ?>
